Term
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Definition
| Irregular shape of the cornea or the lens inside the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| The eye is too short, or the cornea or crystalline lens does not refract the light enough |
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Term
| Blurred vision when looking at objects close to them, and clearer vision when looking at objects in the distance |
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Definition
| The eye is too short, or the cornea or crystalline lens does not refract the light enough |
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Term
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Definition
| The eye is too long, or the cornea or crystalline lens is too strong |
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Term
| Clear vision when looking at objects close to the person, but distant objects will appear blurred |
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Definition
| The eye is too long, or the cornea or crystalline lens is too strong |
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Term
| Slight loss of peripheral vision with no pain or discomfort, moving to loss of peripheral vision and difficulty adjusting to low light |
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Definition
| Increased intraocular pressure, damage to the optic nerve, and disruption to the eyes normal drainage system |
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Term
| Slight loss of peripheral vision with no pain or discomfort, moving to loss of peripheral vision and difficulty adjusting to low light |
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Definition
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Term
| Blurred vision, glare sensitivity, distortion or double vision in the affected eye, a feeling of looking through a veil or curtain |
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Definition
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Term
| Blurred vision, glare sensitivity, distortion or double vision in the affected eye, a feeling of looking through a veil or curtain |
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Definition
| Clumping of proteins that start to cloud the lens of the eye |
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Term
| Shine light in right eye and get a direct response in the right pupil without a consensual response in the left pupil |
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Definition
| Damage to left occulomotor nerve |
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Term
| Lack of response to light stimulation of the right eye if both eyes respond normally to stimulation of the left eye |
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Definition
| Right retina or optic nerve damage |
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Term
| venous engorgement (usually the first signs), loss of venous pulsation, hemorrhages over and / or adjacent to the optic disc, blurring of optic margins, elevation of optic disc |
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Definition
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Term
| venous engorgement (usually the first signs), loss of venous pulsation, hemorrhages over and / or adjacent to the optic disc, blurring of optic margins, elevation of optic disc |
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Definition
| Optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure |
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Term
| Heaviness of limbs, thalamic pain |
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Definition
| Lesion to the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) |
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Term
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Definition
| Lesions to ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) |
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Term
| Accelerated development of the sexual organs and the skeleton in children |
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Definition
| Calcification of the pineal gland |
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Term
| Weakness in the lower limbs, unsteady gait, slowness of muscular movements, tremors of the hands, hesi- tancy of speech, and slow cerebration |
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Definition
| Chronic traumatic encephalopathy |
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Term
| Extended loss of consciousness |
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Definition
| Cerebral contusion - from brain trauma in which the pia is stripped from the injured surface of the brain and may be torn, allowing blood to enter the subarachnoid space |
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Term
| CSF leakage from the external acoustic meatus |
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Definition
| Fractures in the floor of the middle cranial fossa |
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Term
| CSF leakage through the nose |
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Definition
| Fractures in the floor of the anterior cranial fossa that may involve the cribriform plate of the ethmoid |
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Term
| Staggering, dizziness, light-headedness, fainting, and paresthesias |
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Definition
| Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) |
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Term
| Total ophthalmoplegia, usually accompanied by a fixed, dilated pupil |
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Definition
| A complete lesion of the cavernous sinus disrupting CN III, IV, and VI |
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Term
| A sudden engorgement and redness of the left eye |
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Definition
| A carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) on the left |
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Term
| A sudden engorgement and redness of the left eye |
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Definition
| The internal carotid artery ruptures within the cavernous sinus causing a carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) on the left |
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Term
| Weak or absent pulse, decreased blood pressure (>20 mmHg), arm claudication (rare due to collateral perfusion) on the ipsilateral side |
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Definition
| Subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) - from occlusion or severe stenosis of the proximal subclavian artery resulting in retrograde flow in the ipsilateral vertebral artery |
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Term
| Right leg upper-motor neuron weakness and right leg cortical sensory loss |
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Definition
| Infarct in the left anterior cerebral artery |
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Term
| Left leg upper-motor neuron weakness and left leg cortical sensory loss |
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Definition
| Infarct in the right anterior cerebral artery |
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Term
| Grasp reflex, frontal lobe behavioral abnormalities, and transcortical aphasia |
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Definition
| Infarct in the left anterior cerebral artery |
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Term
| Grasp reflex, frontal lobe behavioural abnormalities and left hemineglect |
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Definition
| Infarct in the right anterior cerebral artery |
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Term
| Right face and arm upper-motor weakness, Broca's aphasia, right face and arm cortical type sensory loss, fluent (Wernicke’s) aphasia |
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Definition
| Infarct in left middle cerebral artery, superficial division |
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Term
| Right homonymous hemianopsia |
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Definition
| Infarct in the left posterior cerebral artery |
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Term
| Left homonymous hemianopsia |
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Definition
| Infarct in the right posterior cerebral artery |
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Term
| Aphasia and contralateral sensorimotor defects |
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Definition
| Middle cerebral artery occlusion |
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Term
| Contralateral lower limb weakness |
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Definition
| Anterior cerebral artery occlusion |
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Term
| Sensory loss, visual loss - hemianopia |
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Definition
| Posterior cerebral artery occlusion |
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Term
| Hyperreflexia, Babinski sign, Hoffman present, clonus, spasticity, weakness of the face, arm, and/or leg |
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Definition
| Infarct in the internal capsule |
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Term
| Contralateral weakness and contralateral sensory loss |
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Definition
| Infarct in posterior limb of the internal capsule |
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Term
| Initially flacid paralysis, then hypertonia, spasms, hyper-reflexia, Babinski sign, no fasciculations, no muscle atrophy |
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Definition
| Upper motor neuron lesions |
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Term
| Hypotonia, hyporeflexia, no Babinski sign, after motor neuron irritation, fasciculations are visible, muscle atrophy |
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Definition
| Lower motor neuron lesions |
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Term
| Inability to perform complex movement properly, but can still perform simple movements |
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Definition
| Lesions to pre-motor and supplementary motor areas |
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Term
| Paralysis of the contralateral side of the body (involves both simple and complex movements) |
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Definition
| Lesions to the primary motor cortex |
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Term
| Changes to body image, perception of spatial relations, predicted outcomes of actions, decision making |
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Definition
| Lesions to the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) |
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Term
| Difficulty controlling eye position during head/body movement, difficulty maintaining balance |
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Definition
| Lesions to the vestibulocerebellum |
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Term
| Ataxia, dysynergia, dysmetria |
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Definition
| Lesions to the spinocerebellum |
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Term
| Reduced control of ipsilateral movements, delays in movement initiation |
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Definition
| Lesions to the cerebrocerebellum |
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Term
| Irregularities in timing movement, spatial cognition, abstract reasoning, and working memory affectes |
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Definition
| Lesions to the cerebrocerebellum |
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Term
| Able to move upper limbs but not lower limbs due to upper motor neuron damage |
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Definition
| Lesion to spinal cord between T3-L3 |
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Term
| Able to move upper limbs but not lower limbs due to lower motor neuron damage |
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Definition
| Lesion to spinal cord between L4-S2 |
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Term
| Unable to move upper limbs due to upper motor neuron damage, and unable to move lower limbs due to lower motor neuron damage |
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Definition
| Lesion to spinal cord between C6-T2 |
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Term
| Unable to move upper or lower limbs due to upper motor neuron damage |
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Definition
| Lesion to spinal cord between C1-C5 |
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Term
| Loss of pain and temperature sensation in the cape distribution or in the hands, with sparing of touch and vibration |
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Definition
| Lesion to ventral commissure |
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Term
| Painless injuries or burns to the hands from lack of sensation |
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Definition
| Lesion to ventral commissure |
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Term
| Effortful speech, many pauses, limited words consisting of mostly nouns with a few verbs, failure in grammar usage. Problem in finding words, but relatively intact comprehension of language |
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Definition
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Term
| Language production is fluent but includes errors in word use, impaired ability to read and write, problem in repeating words |
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Definition
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Term
| Language production is fluent but includes errors in word use, language comprehension is to a great extent preserved, difficulty in reading and writing, problem in repeating words. |
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Definition
| Conduction aphasia: Disconnection between Wernicke and Broca’s areas |
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Term
| Language production is impaired, language comprehension is impaired, impaired reading and writing, impaired repeating of words |
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Definition
| Large lesion affecting the left hemisphere |
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Term
| Language production is impaired, language comprehension is impaired, impaired reading and writing, impaired repeating of words |
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Definition
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Term
| Language production is impaired, language comprehension is to a great extent preserved, well-preserved repetition of words and sentences |
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Definition
| Lesions in anterior frontal lobe |
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Term
| Language production is impaired, language comprehension is to a great extent preserved, well-preserved repetition of words and sentences |
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Definition
| Transcortical motor aphasia: Disconnection between concept and language production areas |
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Term
| Language production is fluent, language comprehension is impaired, well-preserved repetition of words and sentences |
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Definition
| Lesion in posterior middle temporal gyrus or posterior parietal gyrus |
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Term
| Language production is fluent, language comprehension is impaired, well-preserved repetition of words and sentences |
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Definition
| Transcortical sensory aphasia: Disconnection between ‘concept’ and language comprehension areas |
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Term
| Difficulty in finding and using words, language production is relatively fluent, language comprehension is relatively preserved, well-preserved repetition of words and sentences |
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Definition
| Small lesions in left hemisphere |
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Term
| Difficulty in finding and using words, language production is relatively fluent, language comprehension is relatively preserved, well-preserved repetition of words and sentences |
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Definition
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