1. Sustainable - ↓ fossil fuel use, ↑ renewable energy use

2. Economical - reduces cost

3. Social - Better health

1. Reducing Peak Energy Demand

2. Project Location

3. Building Design

4. Demand Response

- increases efficiency

- energy storage systems

- affects how much energy is required by energy providers

- further from the grid = ↑ energy needed

- Project location

- Efficient Design Strategies

- Climate conditions (temp., solar radiation, humidity, wind)

- natural ventilation

- solar energy

- proper orientation, sizing, and composition of rooms

- Proper orientation & sizing

- Min. glazing which faces direct sunlight (i.e. South)

- Shade exterior glazing

- Use insulating low-e glass

- Make all glazing as small as possible

- Design & construct exterior enclosure to be as airtight as possible

- Min. solar gains "In hotter climates"

- Max. solar gains "In colder climates"

- Consider solar energy

A set of tech. & programs used to:

↑ energy efficiency

↓ energy demand

↓ greenhouse gas emissions

2 strategies to demand implementation:

1. tiered electricity pricing

2. incentive programs

cost effective strategy to ↓ energy required, while maintaining the same function

Most effective way = integrated design approach

1. Building Envelope Design

2. Thermal Mass

3. Energy modeling simulation

4. Heating & Cooling loads

5. Natural Ventilation

6. Lighting Design & controls

7. Appliances (Energy Star)

Dictates how heat will be transferred to and from the environment

- use energy efficient building materials

- window-to-wall ratios

- Air sealing

How the material will resist changes in temp

- high thermal absorption materials will store energy and release over time

- Energy efficiency ↑, Thermal Mass ↑

System is dependant on load of building

- energy management controls increase efficiency

- high efficiency = high upfront cost, less operational cost

- LEED requires a min of MERV-8

- programable thermostat

- insulated ducts

- energy modeling

- use of wind and outdoor clean air in non-polluted areas

- reduces load and cost of HVAC, thus less energy consumption

- maximized by efficient components & controls, large windows & skylights

- balance visuals and energy consumption

- quantity and quality

- outside where needed and evenly distributed

- LED & CLF

- daylighting

- controls

Compact Fluorescent Lamps

- less energy, less heat, lasts longer than incandescent bulb

- take advantage of natural light

- decrease demand for artificial lighting

1. Dimmed Lighting

2. Occupancy Sensors

3. Motion Sensors

4. Time Scheduling

5. Daylight Harvesting

a labeling program developed by the EPA

- applies to appliances, electronics, office equipment, heating and cooling equipment, water heaters, lighting fixtures, and commercial food and service equipment

- energy standard for buildings except low-rise residential

- prescriptive path

OR

- performance path

ASHRAE 90.1

Prescriptive Path