Term
| Which of the following accounts for the most water loss, second only to urine output? |
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Definition
| . Insensible perspiration |
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Term
| The two main fluid compartments within the body are _________ and _________. |
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Definition
| . intracellular fluid; extracellular fluid |
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Term
| The most abundant cation of the ECF is _______ and the most abundant anion in the ECF is _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is the most potent stimulus for thirst? |
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Definition
| An increase in plasma osmolarity |
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Term
| You were thirsty and drank a full glass of water only to have your thirst return an hour later. This is because: |
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Definition
| distension of the stomach temporarily inhibits the thirst center. |
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Term
| When ADH levels are low, the kidneys produce _________ urine. |
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Definition
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Term
| An overheated marathon runner accepts cups of plain water at each refreshment area. When the race ends, the runner is very disoriented and collapses. What is the best explanation for her condition? |
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Definition
| The runner is suffering from hypotonic hydration and her cell fluids are overdiluted. |
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Term
| What might be a probable explanation for an intense craving for heavily salted food? |
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Definition
| Addison’s disease, in which insufficient aldosterone is available to reabsorb NaCl from the filtrate |
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Term
| Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between the sodium content of fluids and water movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which two hormones are essential for reabsorption of water at the collecting duct? |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood sodium levels are indirectly assessed by __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ contains the largest percentage of water in the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| You would expect blood levels of ANP to increase when __________. |
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Definition
blood pressure is increased
blood Na+ is elevated
the walls of the atria are stretched
all of the above occur |
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Term
| A patient suffering from hyperthyroidism may experience heart malfunction. Consequently, this patient must also tightly regulate his potassium intake. Which of the following is the best explanation for why he must carefully watch dietary potassium? |
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Definition
| Both hyper- and hypokalemia can disrupt electrical conduction in the heart. |
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Term
| PTH affects calcium blood levels via which of the following mechanisms? |
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Definition
| All of the above are ways PTH affects calcium blood levels |
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Term
| Which of the following is the initial H+ regulatory mechanism in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is the major ECF buffer system in the body? |
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Definition
| Bicarbonate buffer system |
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Term
| Which of the following is the major ECF buffer system in the body? |
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Definition
| Bicarbonate buffer system |
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Term
| How might the pH of the intracellular fluid change when cells increase their rate of metabolism? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the blood pH lowers, what change would you expect from the respiratory system? |
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Definition
| The respiration rate would increase. |
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Term
| In the collecting ducts, bicarbonate ions are generated by_______ cells, while ________ cells secrete bicarbonate ions. |
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Definition
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