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| alteration or adjustment in structure or habit to compete with a changing environment |
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| mutation occuring in the absence of mutagens, usually due to errors in teh normal function cellular enzymes |
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| culture medium for microorganims that contains the minimal necessities for growth of the wild type, only containing inorganic salts, carbon source, and water |
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| a strain of organism that will proliferate on minimal medium |
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| A genetic element in bacteria that can replicate free in the cytoplasm (has a different number of copies) or can be inserted into the main bacterial chromosome and replicate with the chromosome. Plasmids are an example. |
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| fertility factor (F factor) |
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| The plasmid that allows a prokaryote to conjugate with and pass DNA into an F- cell. A bacterial episome whose presence confers donor ability (maleness). |
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| Organism that is able to utilize carbon dioxide as a carbon source. |
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| The non-parental arrangement of alleles in progeny that can result from either independent assortment or crossing over.(2) In general, any process in a diploid or partially diploid cell that generates new gene or chromosomal combinations not found in that cell or in its progenitors.(3) At meiosis, the process that generates a haploid product of meiosis whose genotype is different from either of the two haploid genotypes that constituted the original meiotic diploid. |
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| A process whereby two cells come in contact and exchange genetic material. In prokaryotes the transfer is a one-way process. The union of two bacterial cells, during which chromosomal material is transferred from the donor to the recipient cell. Conjugation in Protozoa is a two-way process, genetic material is passed between each conjugant. |
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