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Immunology Lecture 8
Clinical Immunology II: Tumor, Transplantation & Reproductive Immunology and Immunotherapy
23
Immunology
Graduate
11/20/2012

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Cards

Term
Tumor-specific antigens
Definition
present only on malignant cells as they reflect a tumor-causing mutation which is the result of altered peptide splicing
Term
Tumor-associated antigens
Definition
present on either malignant or normal cells they are normally produced in the immunologically privileged sites. They are produced in small amounts, and the cells that express them do NOT express HLA
Term
Cancer/Testis antigens
Definition
1/2 are coded for on the X chromosome
Term
Proto-oncogenes
Definition
encode proteins involved in cell division): Growth factors & their receptors, Signaling pathways and Genes transcription
Term
Oncogenes
Definition
mutated forms of proto-oncogenes
Term
Tumor suppressor genes
Definition
encode proteins that prevent the proliferation of mutant cells
Term
Mechanisms allowing the cancer cells to escape the immune reactions
Definition
1)No inflammation and no immune response due to no tissue damage
2)Tumor cells express self MHC class I
3)Evasion of the NKG2D-medited responses by NK cells. Tumor cells produce protease that cleaves MIC (the ligand for NKG2D receptor on NK & Tc cells) and causes unhindered tumor growth & destruction of lymphocytes endocytosing soluble MIC
4)Secretion of chemokines (TGF-Beta) mediating accumulation of T regulatory cells
Term
Allogeneic
Definition
transplant rejection within the same species
Term
Xenogeneic
Definition
transplant rejection from different species
Term
GVHD
Definition
graft-versus-host-disease: T cells from the transplant are activated in the lymph nodes by the recipient’s DCs. The primary targets for GVHD are skin, intestinal epithelium & liver (highly proliferative tissues).
Term
Hyperacute
Definition
1) Abs against ABO antigens
2) Pre-existing Abs against HLA Class I
Term
Acute
Definition
drect allorecognition: Activated recipients effector T cells attack cells expressing donor’s MHC/Ag complexes in the graft
Term
Chronic allograft rejection
Definition
Could occur months or years after transplantation. Immune reactions produce thickening of the vessels walls, ischemia & graft failure
Term
different deviations in the mechanisms of the immune responses that could lead to infertility and miscarriages
Definition
Category 1: HLA compatibility (the couple’s tissues are too similar genetically)
Category 2: Problems with blood clotting (autoantibody response)
Category 3: An autoimmune response occurs to components in the embryo
Category 4: Immune response to sperm antigen
Category 5: Certain types of immune cells increase in number and activity, (NK cells)
Term
Prednisone
Definition
is a corticosteroid and anti-inflammatory that is normally taken prior to conception and is used to treat women who have antinuclear antibodies
Term
Immunoglobulin G infusion
Definition
is used to treat women who have elevated levels of NK (natural killer) cells
Term
Enbrel
Definition
is a medication that binds directly to tumor necrosis factor and inhibits its attachment to the placental membrane
Term
Heparin
Definition
is an anti-coagulant used to prevent miscarriage due to anti-phospholipid antibodies (promoting blood clotting)
Term
Lymphocyte immunization therapy
Definition
is a medical procedure to reduce NK (natural killer) cells numbers – conflicting results
Term
Virulence
Definition
pathogenicity, should be removed in vaccines
Term
Immunogenicity
Definition
causes immune response, should be preserved and used in the vaccine
Term
Antigen specific epitopes
Definition
induces the immune response in vaccines
Term
Antigen specific adjuvants
Definition
induces the inflammation response in vaccines
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