Term
| general layout of mood disorders |
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Definition
-mood disorders
-bipolar disorders
-bipolar disorder
-bipolar 1
-with rapid cycling
-bipolar 2
-cyclothymia
-unipolar disorders
-major depression
-1. With melancholic features
-2. With spychotice features
-3.etc
-dysthymia |
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Term
Major Depression
(intro card) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
emotional, cognitive, motivational, somatic ...
Note: Symptoms may influence each other resulting in vicious cycle |
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Term
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Definition
– one of these IS necessary
sadness
loss of interest and/or pleasure (mask depression…) |
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Term
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Definition
negative view of self, esp. low self esteem
self-blame and/or guilt
pessimism/hopelessness (regarding the future- will things ever get better? P milder than H)
difficulty making decision
poor concentration (all the self-absorbtion makes it difficult) |
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Term
| motivational symptoms (behaviors) |
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Definition
lack of response initiation (difficulty getting started)
psychomotor retardation (move and talk slower…)
psychomotor agitation (more nervous/anxious- fidgeting, pacing…) |
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Term
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Definition
disturbance of appetite
loss of appetite
Increased appetite
sleep disturbance
insomnia (sometimes with shortening of REM latency- doesn’t go as long or as deep into REM, less likely to wake up feeling rested- more likely to occur in people whose depression was not precipitated by negative life events (suggests underlying biological process))
hypersomnia
reduced sex drive |
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Term
| major depression VS dysthymia |
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Definition
Major depression:
-higher severity- 5 0f 9 sxs
-shorter duration- 2wks or longer
-reaction to stressor (later more sudden onset)
vs.
Dysthymia:
-lower severity- 3 0f 7
-longer duration- 2 yrs or longer, can’t be sx-free for longer than 2 mo
-Characterological (seems more like the dep is the person’s personality) (with earlier, more gradual onset)
note: not mutually exclusive, can have both (double depression) |
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Term
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Definition
-substance-induced mood disorder (result of something they’re on…)
-need to consider whether depression is “primary “ problem or “secondary” to something they already have (OCD- major dep is byproduct of the obsessions/compulsions) |
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Term
| major dep. disorder “specifiers” (subgroupings) |
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Definition
| chronic, melancholic, psychotic, seasonal pattern, postpartum ... |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
with melancholic features
(subgrouping) |
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Definition
(‘endogenous depression’) – suggests biological factors
loss of pleasure (unreactive to positive events in life) (anhedonia- inability to experience pleasure)
unresponsive to good events (vs reactive depression)
phys sxs:
early a.m. wakening
worse mood a.m.
significant wt loss (more likely people to eat less- food isn’t yummy anymore)
▪psychomotor retardation or agitation
-more likely to respond to somatic therapy |
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Term
with psychotic features
(subgrouping) |
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Definition
(delusions, hallucinations)
-must be mood-congruent (woman who believes she’s the devil- I’m responsible for all of the troubles on the earth, I’m the worst person in the world (hopelessness…) ; NOT mood-congruent- ‘they’re out to get me…’= paranoid delusion) |
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Term
with seasonal pattern
(subgrouping) |
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Definition
(a.k.a. Seasonal Affective Disorder)
-dep increases during times of the year when sunlight decreases; higher the depression, higher the latitude
-unique sxs:
-hypersomnia, overeating (esp carbs), gain weight, fatigue |
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Term
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Definition
-at least 2 episodes in past 2 yrs that begin and end at the same time of year (have to be seasonal)
-no non-seasonal episodes in past 2 yrs
-seasonal episodes > nonseasonal episodes across lifetime
-not due to seasonal stressors (if Dec is anniversary of family dying in car crash, not SAD) |
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Term
with postpartum onset
(subgrouping) |
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Definition
-about 10% of mothers(50-80% experience ‘baby blues’)
-onset: begins within 4 weeks of birth of child – has to meet major dep standards
-sxs similar to MDD
-are women at greater risk for dep during postpartum period? –no, study: compared women who had just give birth to a baby and women who were matched in age and SES who had not just had a baby and the both had equal rates of getting depression |
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Term
| epidemiology: modernity and depression |
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Definition
| ‘being down is on the rise’ |
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Term
| epidemiology: lifetime prevalence by age |
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Definition
18-24 yrs.
Born c.1960
N=1397 25-44 yrs.
Born c.1945
N=3722 45-64 yrs.
Born c.1925
N=2351 >65 yrs.
Born c.1910
N=1654
Means (across 3 major cities) 5.4% 8.6% 4.5% 1.3%
-^people who are 40 yrs younger have about 4x prevalence of depression (what will happen with 18-24yrs are 50 years old? –dep rates will be higher) |
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Term
| epidemiology: 12 month prevalence |
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Definition
Age range 12 mo. prev.
15-24 1.67
25-34 1.32
35-44 1.35
45-54 1.00 |
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Term
| increasing suicide rates among youth |
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Definition
(not just younger people more willing to admit they’re depressed and old people trying to avoid stigma, but younger people are showing depression behaviorally = suicide)
– more teens die from suicide than other diseases combined (cancer, heart disease, AIDS, birth defects, stroke, pneumonia, influenza, chronic lung disease) |
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Term
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Definition
-stress is lower in this culture
- tend to be happier than ‘we’ are; have about 1/5th the rate of depression compared to what we have (biological depression rates are the same- not just ‘hiding’/not owning up to their dep sxs) |
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