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| the distinction between the mind and the body |
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| The belief that the mind and body are one entity |
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-came up with the Doctrine of the specific nerve energies
- all nerves send an identical message by an electrical impulse
-Different kinds of information travel on different channels (auditory or visual)
-Different brain areas have different functions |
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| Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens |
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Definition
-Experiemental Ablation: removing part of the brain to observe which functions are lost
-We only use 10% of our brain |
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| the study or belief in the possibility in improving the human species by means of dicouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects (-) or encouraging reproduction by persons who have "good" traits (+) |
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-Focus on structure of the human mind
-Study of conscious mental events through introspection
-Mental experience can be sensed indirectly or directly |
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-Investigate the function, or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure
-Leaned toward applied work (natural surroundings) |
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-A reaction to the lack of progress using introspection
-Focus on behavior instead of mental representation, consciousness, and mental states
-Conditioning! |
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-Psychoanalysis as a therapy that focuses on unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses
-The unconscious contains thoughts, memories and desires of which we are not "consciously aware" but they still influence our behavior |
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| A variable that is actively manipulated by the researcher to see its impact on the DV |
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| a variable that is actively manipulated by the researcher to see its impact on the dependent variable |
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| a variable other than the independent variable that might affect the DV |
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| any variable that you need to prevent from varying |
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| What are the seven steps of the Scientific Method in psychology? |
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Definition
1. Theory
2. Hypothesis
3. Design Study
4. Run test/record observation
5. Analyze Data
6. Draw conclusion
7. Communicate Results
The happy dog ran around dancing crazily :) |
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Definition
| A set of principles that explain, organize and predict behavior/events |
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| A testable prediction in which the researcher must specify results that will support the theory or results that will not support the theory |
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Describe procedure used, described what was measured and how, describe how statistical analyses were done
This is done to allow replication that will yield similar results |
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| Run Test/Record Observation |
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Definition
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Using measures of central tendency:
Mean, Median and Mode
Using measures of variation:
Standard deviation and range |
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Make statistical decision
State statistical significance |
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| Return to theory and see how the finding affect our knowledge |
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| middle score in a distribution |
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| The average spread of scores around the mean |
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| the gap between the lowest and highest score |
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| How many scores within one standard deviation? |
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How many scores within 2 standard deviations of the mean?
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How many scores within 3 standard deviations of the mean?
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| States that there is no statistical difference between population means. |
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| Statistically significant |
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Definition
| unlikely to have occurred by chance |
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Descriptive studies
Correlational Studies
Experimental Studies
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| Naturalistic observation, Case studies, Survey |
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| watching and recording the behavior of organisms in their natural environment |
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| an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles |
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| Self reports, often involve multiple-choice questions |
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Definition
| Options are provided, wording effect, social desirability response bias, sampling |
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Definition
-Measures the relationship between variables
-Relationships are best indexed with a correlation coefficient
-where near 0 = weak, and + or - 1 is strong
-Can be positive or negative relationship
-Not an explanation or a cause!
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Definition
Manipulate factors to determine their effect while keeping other factors constant
-Independent variable, the one they manipulate
-Dependent variable, the one measured
You can infer CAUSATION |
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| the extent to which repeated measurements under the same conditions are similar to one another |
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| whether or not a variable measures what is is intended to measure |
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| The two conditions of a double-blind procedure |
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Definition
1. participants don't know what they are getting
2. Experimenters do not know who they are evaluating |
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Definition
Respect for human dignity
Respect for free and informed consent
Respect for vulnerable persons
Respect for privacy and confidentiality
Balancing harms and benefits
Minimizing harms
D, C, V, P, H, H |
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Definition
The unselfish concern of one individual for the welfare of another
-Kin selection: people are more likely to help blood relative because it ensures genes will be transmitted
-Reciprocal altruism: act in a manner than reduces their own fitness to help another person's fitness because they think the other would do that for them |
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