Term
|
Definition
-plasma
-formed elements - erythrocytes (red blood cells)
-leucocytes (white blood cells)
-thromocytes (platelets) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-fluid portion of blood
-about 55% of blood
-contains water (90%), plasma protiens, dissolved food waste and gas |
|
|
Term
| Blood functions (transport) |
|
Definition
-O2, CO2
-food
-waste
-immune cells
-hormones |
|
|
Term
| blood functions (non-transport) |
|
Definition
-pH regulation
-temperature regulation
-fluid volume regulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made by the liver
-fibrinogen
-globulins
-albumins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
plasma protein
-helps clot blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
plasma protein
-immune response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
plasma protein
-transport fatty acids and steroids by making them water soluble
-related to osmotic pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-manufacture of blood cells
-in liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and bone marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-immature blood cells
-like pleuripotent stem cells (PPSC) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
red blood cells
-have no nuclei or organelles
-bi-concave for more surface area
-made through erythropoeisis (stimulated by erythropoeitin - excreted from kidneys)
-live 100-120 days
-phagocytes eliminate these cells when they are done
-carries 1 million O2 molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
platelets
-help with clotting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| % of erythrocytes by volume in whole blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stimulates RBC production
-produced in kidneys
-can be used for athletic doping - fatal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can be used for athletic doping
-makes blood thicker
-can be fatal when thick blood is too difficult to pump |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
4 large proteins - 2 alpha and 2 beta
-center is iron ("heme")
-makes up 97% of RBC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| white blood cell production in bone marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-neutrophils
-lymphocytes
-monocytes
-eosinophils
-basophils
-have nuclei and remove waste, toxins and damaged cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5%
phagocytic - after injury come to site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1%
histamine - increases inflammation at injury site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mature in Thymus gland
-2 types
-helper T - tag the foreign or infected cells and trigger immune response
-killer T - attack previously tagged cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
produce anti bodies which bind to antigen
-antibody/antigen complex neutralizes cell
-invader is killed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antigens on invaders allow leucocytes to identify and respond to them on an individual basis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A, B or AB antigens
-get blood type from parents - half from each
Rh antigens |
|
|
Term
| blood types create antibodies against other types which live in the blood plasma |
|
Definition
A creates B antibodies
B creates A antibodies
O creates both A and B antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antibodies for a different blood type create this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| on the surface of red blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
positive or negative
-positive mother = no problem
-negative mother = 1st child no problem; subseuqent children can have antibody response if baby is positive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antibodies vs Rh (positive in baby) will attack the baby - preventable with Rhogan |
|
|
Term
| Location of Salivary glands |
|
Definition
-parotid - near ears
-sublingual - under tongue
-submandibular - side under jaw |
|
|
Term
| mumps creates what condition of the mouth |
|
Definition
| swelling of parotid salivary gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large bundles of taste buds at back of tongue in a V |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rough surface for texture and moving food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-enamel - outer shell
-dentin - 80% of tooth - soft, decays
-cementum - outer coating of roots of tooth
-pulp - blood vessels and nerves
-periodontal ligament-attaches to cementum and lamina dura of mandible (jaw bone) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
from top R to top L 1-16
then bottom L to bottom R 17-32 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
top R to top L; A-J
then bottom L to bottom R; K-T |
|
|
Term
| cranial nerve to anesthetize for tooth work |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| trigeminal nerve location |
|
Definition
| lowest portion called the mandibular branch - enters mandibular foramen and exits mental foramen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area where heart sits in the body - behind the sternum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
visceral pericardium = epicardium
parietal pericardium
peicardial space - contains pericardial fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava enter R atrium
through tricuspid valve to R ventricle
through pulmonary semilunar valve to Pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries (no O2)
back to heart through pulmonary veins (w O2) into L atrium
through mitral/bicuspid valve into L ventricle
through aortic semilunar valve into aorta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parachute strings on tricuspid and mitral valves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sound of blood crashing into valves
AV valves close (between atria and ventricles) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sound of blood crashing into valves
semilunar valves close (between ventricles and great vessels) |
|
|
Term
| flow through heart w sounds and contraction specifics |
|
Definition
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava enter R atrium
atrial systole
through tricuspid valve to R ventricle
atrial diastole (lub)
ventricular systole
through pulmonary semilunar valve to Pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries (no O2)
ventricular diastole (dub)
back to heart through pulmonary veins (w O2) into L atrium
atrial systole
through mitral/bicuspid valve into L ventricle
atrial diastole (lub)
ventricular systole
through aortic semilunar valve into aorta
ventricular diastole (dub) |
|
|
Term
| heart's conduction system |
|
Definition
depolarization begins at sinoatrial node (SA node) in R atrium - signal goes to R and L atriums
then signal triggers AV node (atrioventicular node)
signal travels AV bundle (bundle of HIS)
Purkinje fibers (up the ventricular walls) |
|
|
Term
| % of heart "pacemaker" cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 120/80 (systole/diastole) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell regaining the charge needed to be able to depolarize again |
|
|
Term
| artificial pacemakers (2 types) |
|
Definition
demand pacing - only initiates if stimulation is needed - monitors heart rate and only kicks in when too slow, fast or irregular
rate responsive pacing - stimulates heart constantly - monitors heart rate and responds to need (exercise, etc). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heart attack - cardiac muscle dies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chest pain due to cardiac insufficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when valves don't close all the way and sounds are muddled |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-tunica interna - endothelium - prevents blood vessels from sticking
-tunica media - smooth muscle, collagen and elastic fibers - vasoconstriction and vasodilation
-tunica externa - connective tissue (outside) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-carries blood away from heart
-thickest walls
-have muscle to pump blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-conducting (elastic) artieries - biggest, pump blood, provide recoil/elastic
- distributing arteries - muscular to vasoconstrict and vasodilate
- resistance arteries - smallest - minimal tunica externa, scattered smooth muscle - can still vasoconstrict and vasodilate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mid-sized to small arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
all gas exchange goes on here - smallest vessels
-tissue is completely tunica interna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-continuous - intact epithelial lining, glucose and small solutes pass by exocytosis
-fenestrated - openings/pores in the cells in the capillary walls, good for filtration and absorption
-sinusoids - twisted and irregular capillaries - very leaky - proteins can pass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small veins
contain valves to prevent backflow
flow aided by skeletal muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
collect blood from tissues to send it towards heart
thinner walls than arteries, but larger diameter
collapse when empty |
|
|
Term
| arteries are thicker because |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can pinch off blood from coming to an area to shunt it to an area where it is needed more |
|
|
Term
| as blood travels, blood pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| helps move blood through venous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| broken valves in veins allow blood to pool |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| varicose veins of anal canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fragile blood vessels that can burst and cause internal bleeding - can be fatal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| build-up of uric acid in in joints - the big toe usually |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ammonia - most toxic - fish
-uric acid - less toxic - birds and reptiles
-urea - least toxic - humans and mammals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transport urine to bladder from kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transport urine from bladder to outside body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kidneys are behind parietal peritoneum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-filters blood plasma
-regulates osmolarity - solute concentration
-regulates blood volume
-secrete erythropoeitin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where blood vessels and ureter enter kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
functional unit of kidney
-more than a million |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arriving artery - bigger than efferent so that pressure builds in glomerulus and creates leakage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exiting artery - smaller than afferent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| knot of leaky capillaries - filters out 160 Liters of fluid per day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outer layer around glomerulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cover capillaries to form inner wall of glomerulus and create filtration slits |
|
|
Term
| proximal convoluted tubule |
|
Definition
| reabsorption through peritubular capillaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reabsorption and secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glomerulus acts as a filter - blood is under higher pressure because efferent vessel is smaller |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
H2O is reabsorbed into blood through peritubular capillaries where they wrap around convoluted tubules and Loop of Henle
depends on active transport towards high salt concentration in medulla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
substances end up in urine wo filtration from peritubular capillaries to distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
controls pH of blood |
|
|
Term
| ureters enter bladder obliquely |
|
Definition
| prevents backflow and infection |
|
|
