-Pine

-produces woody seed cones with distinct bracts and scales

-2 seeds occur at the base of each scale

-cypress

-bracts and scales of cones are fused

-seeds entirely or partially surrounded by a fleshy aril

-leaves are spirally arranged but twisted at the base to appear 2-ranked

-magnolia family

-flowers have a conelike cluster of stamens and carpels

-fruit is an aggregate of follicles

-sycamore family

-one genus-Platanus

-simple, stipulate leaves are palmately lobed

-stipules leaflike and conspicuous

-fruit is a ball of multiple achenes

-witch-hazel family

-fruit is a 2-celled woody capsule

-sweetgum belongs to this family

-elm family

-simple, stipulate leaves are serrate and usually inequalateral at the base

-fruit can be a samara, drupe, or nut

-walnut family (includes hickories and pecans as well)

-large, alternate leaves are estipulate and pinnately compound

-fruit is a nut surrounded by a husk

-beech family (and chestnuts and oaks)

-alternate, simple, and stipulate leaves are often marcescent

-fruit is a cup-like nut with a tough cartilaginous coat

-fruit is partially or wholly encased in an involucre

-birches

-samaras form catkins or a semiwoody persistent catkin

-bark has long, horizontal lenticels

-lindens

-leaves are altenate, stipulate, and simple

-flowers are borne in cymes

-fruit can be a capsule, drupe, berry, or nut

-willows, cottonwoods, aspens and poplars

-leaves are alternate, simple, and stipulate

-petioles often glandular

-flowers are catkins

-fruit is a 2-4 valved capsule

-heath family

-most members are shrubs or lianas found in acidic soils

-leaves are simple, alternate, estipulate, coriaceous and glabrous

-flowers have 4-5 fused petals

Stipulate leaves pinnately or bipinnately compound

Fruit is a legume

Leaves are simple, estipulate, and are usually opposite and entire

Fruit is a drupe