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What are four ways you can examine the body? |
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inspection
palpation
auscultation
percussion |
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what you can see of the body with the naked eye |
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the study of multiple species in order to examine similarities & differences to analyze evolutionary trends |
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exam of tissues with microscope |
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microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease |
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study of the structure and function of individual cells |
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fine detail (down to molecular level) shown under microscope |
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physiology of the nervous system |
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study of different species to learn about body functions |
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basis for much of our understanding of human physiology & the development of new drugs & medical procedures |
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change in genetic composition of population of organisms |
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development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics |
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forces that promote reproductive success of some individuals more than others (predators) |
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inherited features of anatomy and physiology that evolved in response to pressures and that enable organism to succeed (better camouflage) |
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the hierarchy of complexity |
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organism, organ systems, organ, tissues, cell, organelle, molecule, atom |
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large, complex systems can be understood by studying their simpler components |
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"emergent properties" of the whole organism cannot be predicted from the properties of the separate parts |
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humans are more than the sum of their parts |
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no two humans are exactly alike |
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left-right reversal of organ placement |
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living things exhibit a higher level of organization than nonliving things |
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living matter is always compartmentalized into one or more cells |
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sum of all internal chemical change: anabolism (synthesis) and catabolism (digestion) |
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ability to sense and react to stimuli (irritability or excitability) |
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of organism and/or of substances within the organism |
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maintaining relatively stable internal conditions |
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differentiation and growth |
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producing copies of themselves; passing genes to offspring |
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evolution of a population |
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allows for dynamic equilibrium within a limited range around a set point |
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