What are the smallest blood vessels?

capillaries

What are the four chambers of the heart and the valves separating them?

• right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
• Valves: tricuspid, bicuspid/mitral, pulmonary and aortic semilunar

Give at least 2 differences between arteries and veins.

• Arteries transport blood away from the heart, ventricles transport blood to the heart.
  
• Arteries distribute blood to the organs; veins return blood to the heart.

Diastole refers to the ______ of the heart muscle.

relaxation

The pulse is taken from an ______.

artery

______ refers to maintaing a constant internal environment.

homeostasis

Give 2 functions of blood.

• transports nutrients and waste
• fights infection

The liquid part of the blood is the ______.

plasma

When one removes fibrinogen from the
liquid part of the blood, the remaining material is ______.

serum

The main function of red blood cells is to ______ ______.

transport oxygen

What is hemoglobin?

Hemoglobin is an iron-containing molecule found in red blood cells, to which oxygen molecules bind.

Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in the form of the ______ ion.

bicarbonate

An individual with a reduced capacity to transport oxygen suffers from ______.

anemia

State the main function white blood cells (WBC).

to fight infection

How do white blood cells differ from red blood cells?

• They're larger
• They have nucleus
• They're not as abundant
  

What are 2 factors involved in the clotting of blood?

platelets and fibrinogen

State 3 functions of the lymphatic system.

• It moves fat from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream
• It transports excess tissue fluid back to the cardiovascular system
• It defend against harmful agents, such as bacteria and viruses

What are lymphatic capillaries called?

lacteals

What lymphatic vessel drains lymph from the lower half of the body?

thoracic duct

Specific defense involves the production of ______ by ______ (type of WBC).

antibodies; B lymphocytes

What will happen and if a person with B type blood receives blood from someone with type A blood?

agglutination: the clumping together of biologic material, such as red blood cells or bacteria, that's suspended in liquid, usually in response to a particular antibody.

What organs comprise the GI tract?

• mouth
• pharynx (throat)
• esophagus
• stomach
• small intestine
• large intestine

Food moves through the esophagus due to the rhythmic muscle contractions known as ______.

peristalsis

The enzyme ______ breaks down starch.

amylase

What does bile do?

After being release from the gallbladder, it assists mechanical processing by breaking large fat globules into smaller particles

What do trypsin and pepsin do and where are they active?

• Trypsin: is produced in the pancreas; is active in the small intestine
• Pepsin: is active in the lining of stomach

What kind of muscles is found in the walls of the GI tract?

smooth

The throat is known as the ______.

pharynx

______ and ______ ______ are absorbed into blood capillaries, but lipid monomers are absorbed into _____.

monosaccharides; amino acids; lacteals