Term
A need for markedly increased amounts of substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect
or
markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of substance |
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Definition
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Term
The characteristic withdrawl syndrome for the substance
the same substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawl symptoms |
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Definition
| manifestations of withdrawl |
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Term
psychological dependence
physical dependance and tolerance
drug-seeking behavior
associated deterioration in mental and physical health |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of Type I alcoholics |
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Definition
adult onset
gradually increasing consumption
little or no family history of alcoholism
75% alcoholics
better response to treatment |
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Term
| Characteristics of Type II alcoholics |
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Definition
early onset
strong family history of alocholism
male gender
poor treatment response
25% alcoholics |
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Term
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Definition
| Wernicke-thiamine deficiency, nystagmus, ataxia, mental confusion, reversible |
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Term
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Definition
| necrotic lesions of mamillary bodies and thalmus, cognitive and memory impairment, anterograde amnesia, confabulation, more permanent |
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Term
| Other complications of alcohol |
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Definition
| cortical atrophy, ventricular dilation, cerebellar damage, peripheral neuropathy, depression:suicide |
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Term
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Definition
uncomplicated: outpatient benzodiazepenes
delirious patients:antipsychotics (haloperidol) |
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Term
medications for alcohol dependence
1. inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, irreversible inhibitor, works via negatie reinforcement
2. mu-opiod antagonist, reduces drinking and increases abstinence by decreasing pleasure of alcohol
3. glutamate receptor modulator, reduces craving and amount an alcoholic drinks |
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Definition
1.Disulfiram
2.Naltrexone
3.Acamprosate |
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Term
Treatment for Sedative
1. intoxication
2. withdrawl |
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Definition
1. flumazenil
2. long-acting benzodiazepines |
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Term
respiratory depression
psychomotor retardation
pupillary constriction
hypotension
bradycardia
decreased GI motility/constipation
nausea/vomiting
death by respiratory arrest |
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Definition
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Term
| Withdrawl symptoms of Opiods |
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Definition
larimation
rhinorrhea
sweating, yawning, piloerection, hypertension, pupillary dilation, tachycardia
hot and cold flashes
nausea/vomiting
severe anxiety, restlessness, insomnia |
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Term
Treatment of Opiods
1.Intoxication
2. Withdrawl |
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Definition
1. Naloxone
2. Methadone, Clonidine, Naltrexone, Buprenorphine |
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Term
| tremor, tachycardia, pupillary dilation, elevated BP, anorexia/weightloss, convlsions, impotene |
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Definition
| intoxication signs for stimulants |
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Term
| What are the withdrawl signs for stimulants? |
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Definition
"the crash"
fatigue/lethargy, anxiety, depression/suicidal, nightmares, headache, hunger |
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Term
| belligerence, assaultiveness, impulsiveness, unpredictability, nystagmus, diminished response to pain, death due to respiratory depression |
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Definition
| intoxication signs for PCP |
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Term
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Definition
Benzos for agitation
Antipsychotics
Phentolamine (reduce BP)
Ammonium chloride (promote drug elimination) |
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Term
| What is the first sign of alcohol withdrawl? Time? |
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Definition
"the shakes"
anxiety, tremors, n/v
begins 12-48 hrs
peaks 24-48 hrs |
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Term
| What is the second sign of alcohol withdrawl? Time? |
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Definition
"rum fits"
sing burst of 1-6 generalized seizures
7-38 hrs |
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Term
| What is the 3rd sign of alcohol withdrawl? Time? |
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Definition
delirium tremens "DT's"
delirium, mild fever, autonomic arousal, shakes/tremors, sweating/diaphoresis
2-3 days |
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