Term
| where does pituitary gland lie |
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Definition
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Term
| where does hypothalamus found |
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Definition
| floor of diencephalon and located below thalamus |
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Term
| pituitary gland is connected to... |
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Definition
| base of hypothalamus by the infundibulum |
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Term
| examples of endocrine tissue: |
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Definition
| gonads, adrenal cortex, liver, thyroid |
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Term
| examples of nonendocrine tissues: |
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Definition
| breasts, uterus, cardiovascular, kidneys, skeleton |
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Term
| Anterior pituitary Pathway |
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Definition
| hypophyseal portal vein carries various releasing and releasing-inhibiting hormones. The hormone secreting cells of anterior pituitary consist of SOMATOTROPHS which secrete them to blood carrying 6 hormones |
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Term
| Posterior Pituitary Pathway |
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Definition
| composed of axons and axon terminals of neurons that have their cell bodies in the hypothalamus. Contains network of capillaries and glia-like pituicytes. Two peptide hormones synthesized in the cell bodies of the hypothalamic neurons. (ADH and oxytocin) |
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Term
| What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary? |
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Definition
1.FSH
2.LH
3.ACTH
4.TSH
5.Prolactin
6.Growth hormone |
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Term
| 7 Major release and release-inhibiting hormones that control the endocrine secretions of the anterior pituitary gland |
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Definition
1.Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
2.Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
3.Somatostatin (Growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone)
4.Growth hormone releasing hormone (GRH)
5.Prolactin Release Inhibiting Factor (PIH)
6.Prolactin Releasing Factor (PRH)
7.Thyrotropin Releasing Factor (TRH) |
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Term
| growth hormone secreted by |
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Definition
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Term
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreted by |
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Definition
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Term
| thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)secreted by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what triggers growth hormone release |
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Definition
| low glucose, stress, puberty |
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Term
| What inhibits the anterior pituitary from release growth hormone and what up regulates it |
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Definition
| somatostatin inhibits and GRH stimulates it. |
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Term
| what triggers CRH-ACTH-cortisol axis |
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Definition
| Stress, anxiety, pain, fear, trauma, depression, infection, low glucose (starvation) |
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Term
| Why is there melanin pigmentation of the skin and mucous membrane in people with Addison's disease |
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Definition
ACTH is similar to melanocyte stimulating hormone (chemically) so if large amounts of ACTH secreted, it acts like MSH.
Will stimulate melanin production in the skin and elsewhere in the body. All caused by high levels of ACTH in blood. |
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Term
| What stimulates secretion of prolactin? |
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Definition
| suckling and prolactin releasing factor (PRH) is key hormone in this process as it helps with increase of the prolactin |
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Term
| prolactin pathway secretion |
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Definition
| suckling-->hypothalamic tract midbrain---> hypothalamus posterior pituitary--->oxytocin---> breasts and uterus |
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Term
| what muscle cells eject the milk |
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Definition
| myoepithelial cells in breasts |
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Term
| two peptide hormones of the posterior pituitary |
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Definition
1.ADH
2.oxytocin
both synthesized in cell bodies of the hypothalamic neurons, which are clustered in 2 groups that make up the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. |
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Term
| how are the oxytocin and ADH released once synthesized in hypothalamic neurons? |
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Definition
| They are transported to axon terminals (lie close to secretory granules) were they are stored in secretory granules. Next the hormones are released by exocytosis which is triggered by rise of intracellular Calcium upon arrival of AP> |
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Term
| what causes release of ADH |
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Definition
| increased plasma osmotic pressure, decreased MAP or blood volume, hypovolemia. |
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Term
| oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin) similarities |
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Definition
-activate certain regions in brain's pleasure reward center (nucleus accumbens)
-oxytocin and vasopressin released during sexual activity and may initiate and sustain patterns of activity that support pair bond b/w sexual pattern
-vasopressin seems to induce male to become more aggressive towards other males too |
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Term
| what two ways initiate negative feedback on ADH |
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Definition
1. rise in pressure in atria increases (firing of volume receptors)
2. baroreceptors of the aorta and carotid arteries sense rise in arterial blood pressures |
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