Term
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Definition
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Term
What are the two most important flight muscles? |
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Definition
-supracoracoideus -pectoralis |
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Term
What is the most common fracture sight? |
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Definition
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Term
Avian vision exceeds in terms of what four things? |
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Definition
-acuity -color dicrimination -mvement detection and motion tracking -size of the eye both absolute and relative |
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Term
Birds are (tetra/tri)chromatic, mammals are (Tetra/tri)chromatic. |
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Definition
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Term
What is the purpose of the nictitating membrane? |
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Definition
-lubricates and cleans the cornea and protects eyes from abrasion -very transpearent |
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Term
What are the two advantages to the avian nictitating membrane? |
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Definition
-clear thus can see pretty well even when it is closed -pupil does nto have to readjust during a blink |
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Term
What is accomodation in birds? |
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Definition
-change lens and cornea shape -striated muscles |
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Term
True or FAlse: The retina is actually part of the brain. |
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Definition
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Term
What are the names of the receptors of the eye? |
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Definition
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Term
What do cones do? Where in the eye are they located? |
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Definition
-enhance visual acuity, associated with diurnal activity -centrally located in the eye -cones may be single or double |
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Term
What do rods do? Where in the eye are they located? |
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Definition
-nocturnal activity, associated with non-color vision -peripherally located -several rods synapse with a single ganglion cell |
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Term
How is the retinal specialized in birds? |
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Definition
-near the central fovea -extremely well organized |
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Term
What is the significance of birds having multiple fovea? |
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Definition
-that means they have several areas of high acuity |
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Term
What is the avian pecten? |
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Definition
-located on the optic disc -highly vascular -exact function unknown |
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Term
True or False: In addition to the aforementioned adaptations in the visual system, birds can also detect polarized light and sense the magnetic fiels of the earth. |
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Definition
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