Term
| Behavioral ecologists study ___ and ___. |
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Definition
what behaviors animals exhibit
why they exhibit those behaviors |
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Term
| Behaviors can be explained at the proximate and ultimate level. The proximate explanation involves ___, anatomy and hormones; the ultimate explanation involves ___ and why is it favored. |
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Definition
neurobiology
why it evolved |
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Term
| Stereotypic (AKA fixed) action patterns are also called ___ (three other names beginning with "i"). |
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Definition
| innate, instinctive or inborn |
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Term
| Stereotypical behaviors (AKA fixed, innate, instinctive or inborn) are often ___ specific. The stimuli that evoke these behaviors are called ___ or ___ stimuli. They also always go towards completion (even if the stimulis is removed). Examples of this are courtship displays in ducks and ___, web-building in spiders and egg-retrieval in ___. |
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Definition
species
releasers
sign
Drosophila
geese
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Term
| ___ male courtship displays involve orienting, tapping, wing vibration, licking, attempted copulation and copulation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Gene "___" experiments involve identifying genes responsible for specific behaviors. The ___ gene in Drosophila controls courtship behavior. When spliced incorrectly in males, they walk around in lines. |
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Definition
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Term
| Some behaviors are genetically and environmentally dependent. An example of this is when young ___ tap the ___ on male gulls' beaks to get them to regurgitate food.The releaser is the ___. In a study, it was found that the young gulls care about the spot being there, not the shape or color of the parent head. |
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Definition
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Term
| A proximate explanation involves genetics. When testosterone was placed into female songbirds, they ___. |
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Definition
| sung courtship songs, despite the fact that they normally do not |
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Term
| During the critical period of life, ___ takes place. This can cause a young animal to identify its ___ or learn its species song. Konrad ___ got your geese to imprint on him. This process also allows parents (specifically seen in ___) to identify their offspring. |
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Definition
imprinting
parent
Lorenz
penguins |
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Term
| In studies, it has been shown that sparrows ___ (do/do not) learn songs of other species if not exposed to their own while a nestling. If a bird is deafened before beginning to sing, it ___ (will/will not) learn the song. |
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Definition
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Term
| Does selection result in a change in the population or an individual? |
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Definition
| The population, it increases or decreases frequencies of gene alleles |
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Term
| Species hybrids display courtship features from ___. |
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Definition
| both of their parents combined |
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Term
| Behavioral ecologists use the "___-___ approach" to determine optimal behavior. Disidvantages are thought about in terms of ___ cost, ___ cost and ___ cost. |
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Definition
cost-benefit
energetic
opportunity
risk |
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Term
| Research has used the cost-benefit aproach to determine what an animal should eat to maximize fitness in the "___ theory." |
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Definition
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Term
| In sunfish eating water fleas, when the prey density is low, they tend to eat ___ sized fish more. If the prey density is medium, they tend to eat ___ and ___ sized fish and if it is high they eat ___ sized fish. Predictions using the ___ theory are close to actual results seen in the field. |
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Definition
all
medium
large
large
foraging |
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Term
| Orangutans live ___ (in social groups/solitarily). Bees live ___ (in social groups, solitarily). |
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Definition
solitarily
in social groups |
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Term
| In a study examining goshawk hunting and pigeon group size, it was found the the larger the group of pigeons, the ___ the hawk was spotted and the ___ the hawk's attack success. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ are a classic example of a species showing altruistic behavior. They delay their reproduction to help raise siblings. |
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Definition
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