Term
| examples of endocrine hormones |
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Definition
| cortisol, insulin, aldosterone |
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Term
| examples of paracrine hormones (local effect) |
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Definition
| histamines, prostoglandins, somatostatin, growth factors, cytokines, and interleukins |
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Term
| examples of autocrine hormones |
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Definition
| prostoglandins/interleukins |
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Term
| Purely endocrine in function PPPTA |
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Definition
| Pineal, Pituitary, Parathyroid, Adrenals, Thyroid Gland |
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Term
| 5 chemical calsses of hormones/signalling molecules (PASER) |
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Definition
| Proteins, Amines, Steroids, Eicosanoids, Retinoids |
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Term
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Definition
| Calcitonin, insulin, growth hormone, somatomedin, ACTH, parathormone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 9 amino acid peptide that is hormone |
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Definition
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Term
| How are protein hormones synthesized |
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Definition
| synthesized as much larger inactive molecules first called pre-prohormones which are chopped up by special enzymes to form smaller, active hormones |
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Term
| How are protein hormones stored and released? |
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Definition
| stored in secretory granules and released by process of exocytosis. Process is initiated by a rise in concentration of calcium in the cytoplasm of the secreting cell |
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Term
| Amine Hormones and which they are synthesized |
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Definition
Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine and catecholamines. Amine hormones originate from the amino acid tyrosine and retain the amino group -NH2 of tyrosine.
In thyroid hormones, iodine is added to the molecules |
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Term
| How are catecholamines stored and released? |
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Definition
| Stored in cells as secretory granules and released by exocytosis. Exocytosis release intitiated by rise of intracellular calcium ions. This rise can be triggered by depolarization of the membrane and inositol triphosphate |
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Term
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Definition
| progesterone, androgens, aldosterone, cortisol, estrogen |
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Term
| What substance is the starting point for synthesis of the eicosanoids? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thromboxanes, lipoxins, leukotrienes, prostoglandins |
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Term
| what common substance inhibits synthesis of eicosanoids? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
derived from vitamin A and play important role as local hormones in vertebrate development.
Example: Retinoic Acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Thyroid Hormones, Steroids, Retinoids, Prostoglandins, Vitamin D, Intracellular Receptors which alter gene expression. |
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Term
| Classes of water soluble hormones |
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Definition
1.Proteins
2.Peptides
3.Catecholamines |
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Term
| Control of Hormone Secretion |
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Definition
1.Hormones that stimulate or suppress secretion
2.Neural
3.Glucose, Osmotic Pressure, Calcium Ions |
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Term
| CRH-ACTH-CORTISOL Pathway |
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Definition
| CRH secreted from neurons of the hypothalamus which tells anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH which tells adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol |
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