Term
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Definition
| Antiparallel strands (3'-5', 5'-3'). Bases in, backbones out. GC heavier by 1 dalton that AT. |
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Term
| Semiconservative Replication |
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Definition
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Term
| Experimental demonstration of semiconservative replication |
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Definition
| Grow bacteria in 14N media, centrifuge to isolate DNA (light). Grow bacteria in 15N media, DNA is heavy (more dense). Let 14N grow in 15N for ONE DIVISION, DNA is in between the two parent densities. |
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Term
| Colinearity of genes and proteins |
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Definition
| Mutations mapped in E.coli to make mutants require tryptophan for growth. Mutations in DNA sequence physically line up w/mutations in the amino acid sequence so order of bases must determine order of aminos. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amino-specific tRNA binds to specific amino acid using Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. The tRNA now binds its other end by complementary base pairing the mRNA, linking the amino w/mRNA. |
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Term
| Genetic evidence for triplet code |
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Definition
| Mutating 1 or 2 sequential nucleotides in DNA causes a whole different amino acid sequence to be placed, but if you mutate 3 nucleotides a new amino is placed in the normal amino sequence, showing that 3 nucleotides is needed for full amino acid addition. |
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Term
| Determining mRNA sequences of amino acid sequences |
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Definition
| Guess and check, i.e. a poly-U will form a polypeptide of Phe if allowed to grow in vitro w/ribosomes, amino acids, tRNAs, and Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. |
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Term
| Odd Features of Rous Sarcoma Virus Replication |
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Definition
| Viral genome given to daughter cells w/out infection. DNA synth inhibitors block infection SO it must need to make DNA. Inhibitors of DNA-directed RNA synth block production of progeny SO it must need to make RNA from DNA. |
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Term
| Reverse transcription and retrovirus replication |
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Definition
| RNA from virus is turned into DNA in the cell's cytoplasm, transferred to nucleus, incorporated, and RNA is made from the cell's DNA like normal, passing on the sequence. |
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Term
| Role of reverse transcription |
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Definition
| Can move genes throughout DNA |
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Term
| Recognition sites of representative restriction endonucleases |
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Definition
| Defense system against foreign DNA - foreign strands will be cut up. |
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