Term
| Life history is defined as the pattern of ___ (three things). |
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Definition
| growth, development and reproduction |
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Term
| There are many life history characteristics: survivorship, growth, fecundity, ___, ___ and ___. |
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Definition
age at first reproduction
number of reproductive events
total life span |
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Term
| Natural selection favors life history traits that result in ___. |
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Definition
| the greatest number of offspring produced during the lifetime of an individual |
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Term
| There has been found to be an inverse relationship between allocation of resources to reproduction and annual growth in some trees. For example, in pine trees, trees which had more cones had ___ widths of annual rings. |
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Definition
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Term
| In black rockfish, the number of eggs a femal reproduces is ___ to her size. Older fish will also produce larvae with ___. |
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Definition
proportional
oil droplets |
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Term
| Organisms must balance costs and benefits of maturation at different ages. For example, in black rockfish in Oregon between 1996 and 1999, the average age of females ___. This is most likely because predatory pressures caused them to favor reproducing earlier. |
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Definition
| decreased (from 9.5 to 6.5 years old) |
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Term
| Organisms can be ___, meaning they reproduce once during their lifetime, or they can be ___, meaning they reproduce multiple times. ___ is more efficient, because all the energy can be put into one attempt. But it is also more risky if a bad season lies ahead. |
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Definition
semelparous
iteroparous
Semelparity |
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Term
| Examples of semelparous individuals are certain ornamental plants (Agave americana), certain ___ (Oncorhynchus), and certain ___ (Orgyia antiqua). |
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Definition
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Term
| ___-strategists have ___ population growth and high reproductive output. They also have poor competitive ability. ___-strategists have ___ population growth and ___ reproductive output. They are good competitors and often displace others. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___-strategists are more adept to less stable and lower quality resources. They also reproduce ___, are normally smaller than ___-strategists, have ___ life spans and fluctuating, non-stable populations. |
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Definition
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Term
| The intrinsic rate of growth in a population can be calculated with the equation r = ___ - ___. If birth rate exceeds death rate then the population is growing. |
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Definition
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Term
| The rate of increase in number of individuals can be calculated by the equation r = dN/dt = (b-d)N. What do the variables stand for? |
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Definition
r = rate of increase in number of individuals
dN = change in population size
dt = change in time
b = the average population per individual birth rate
d = the average population per individual death rate |
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Term
| rN is sometimes called the ___ potential. This is the potential of a population to reproduce if there were unlimited resources and no abaiting circumstances. An example of a population growing at their biotic potential was seen in elephant ___ on Ano Nueco Island, California. |
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Definition
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Term
| Newly introduced species can reach high densities and grow at their biotic potential, which is when ___. Examples of this are when ___ were introduced to Australia and zebra ___ to North America. |
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Definition
a population grows exponentially
cane toads (Bufo marinus)
mussels |
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Term
| Normally, populations with large, long-lived individuals tend to be more ___ than those with smaller, short-living individuals. This is consistent with what is seen in r-strategists (insects, flowers, etc.) v. k-strategists (humans, oak trees, bears, etc.). |
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Definition
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Term
| Small organisms tend to reach ___ density than larger ones. |
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Definition
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Term
| Populations are usually subdivided. The subpopulations of a population make up a ___. The subpopulations occupy different ___. When populations in some subpatches are near extinction, some may immigrate from other patches. An example of this was seen in bay checkerspot ___ in California, who stay around patches of ___ rock outroups that contain food. |
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Definition
metapopulation
patches
butterfly
serpentine |
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