Term
| endocrine gland characteristics |
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Definition
-secretion of hormones
-ductless glands (secrete directly into bloodstream)
-well vascularized
-affect activities of target tissues
-slow but long lasting effect |
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Term
| control of hormone secretion |
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Definition
-negative feedback mechanism
-neural control |
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Term
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Definition
the release of some hormones is controlled by hypothalamus of brain which secretes releasing factors
-ex GH releasing factor causes pituitary to release GH |
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Term
| negative feedback mechanism |
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Definition
| when hormone levels are low, hormones are released, hormone level increases, glands stop secreting hormone |
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Term
| pituitary gland (hypophysis) |
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Definition
-master gland
-regulates many body activities through its action on other endocrine glands |
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Term
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Definition
-inferior surface of brain
-attached to hypothalamus
-surrounded by circle of willis |
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Term
| structure of the pituitary |
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Definition
-adenohypophysis
-neurohypophysis |
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Term
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Definition
-anterior lobe
-glandular portion
-produces 6 major hormones |
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Term
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Definition
-posterior lobe
-nervous portion
-stores and releases hormones produced by hypothalamus |
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Term
| hormones secreted by pituitary |
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Definition
-GH
-TSH
-ACTH
-FSH
-LH
-prolactin
-oxytocin
-ADH |
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Term
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Definition
-increases protein synthesis
-regulates growth of most cells in the body |
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Term
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Definition
-thyroid stimulating hormone
-regulates the hormonal activity of the thyroid gland |
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Term
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Definition
-adrenocorticotropic hormone
-controls the secretions of hormones of adrenal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
-adrenocorticotropic hormone
-controls the secretions of hormones of adrenal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
-plays role in ovulation
-stimulates secretion of sex hormones estrogen and testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
-stimulates follicle (ova) development in the ovary and sperm in the testes
-stimulates sex hormone secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| -plays role in secretion of milk from the mammary glands (lactation) |
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Term
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Definition
-stimulates uterine contractions
-promotes milk ejection from breasts
-posterior pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
-antidiuretic hormone
-affects permeability of kidney tubules to reduce excretion of water |
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Term
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Definition
-anterior neck
-inferior to larynx
-surrounds anterior and lateral parts of trachea |
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Term
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Definition
-two lobes connected by an isthmus
-may contain a pyramidal lobe |
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Term
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Definition
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin |
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Term
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Definition
-both found in most cells of body
-regulates basal metabolic rate |
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Term
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Definition
-in bone
-regulates osteoclast activity and amount of calcium which leaves bone
-lowers blood Ca levels |
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Term
| parathyroid gland location |
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Definition
-embedded posterior side of thyroid
-pea shaped |
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Term
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Definition
-found in osteoclast, kidney, intestine
-increases blood Ca levels |
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Term
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Definition
-paired glands
-located superior to kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-inner
-activated by stress
-prepares fight/flight |
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Term
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Definition
| -epinephrine (catecholamine) |
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Term
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Definition
-found in many organs and tissues
-reinforces and prolongs sympathetic ANS |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-aldersterone
-cortisol
-androgens |
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Term
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Definition
-works on kidneys tubules
-regulates Na and K levels |
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Term
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Definition
-works on various tissues
-regulate metabolism (glucose)
-prevent of reduce inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
-works on various tissues
-supplement gonadal hormones
-promote development of secondary sex characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
-upper abdomen
-posterior inferior to stomach |
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Term
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Definition
exocrine
beta cells
alpha cells |
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Term
| exocrine part of pancreas |
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Definition
-consists of cells and ducts
-production and secretion of digestive enzymes
-duodenum of small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
-insulin
-all body cells
-regulates transport of glucose into cells |
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Term
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Definition
-glucagon
-liver
-promotes conversion of glycogen to glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| suspended from root of third ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-receives/responds to input from visual pathway
-highest at night
-may effect circadian rhythm
-inhibits hypothalamus stimulation of hormones which stimulate gonads
-delays sexual maturation |
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