Term
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Definition
| Very common, more often in females than males, midsystolic click, ballooned or parachute-like posterior leaflet of mitral valve, billows out since very thin due to deposition of alcian blue positive proteoglycans, increased incidence in Marfan syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| Arachnodactyly, dislocated eye lenses, tall, pectus excavatum, kyphoscolisos curved spine, aortic root dilatation, symptoms of significant mid sterna chest pain with radiation to the back and down the spine if aortic dissection with death due to blood in pericardial sac and cardiac tamponade |
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Term
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Definition
| School age child with sore throat/pharyngitis due to Group A Streptococcus (S. pyogenes), beta hemolytic, gram positive cocci in chains, catalase negative, coagulase negative, susceptible to bacitracin, PYR positive, symptoms of fever, arthralgias, erythema marginatum (rash), subcutaneous nodules, pancarditis with Aschoff body (modified granuloma) in myocardium in a perivascular location, occurs after untreated infection, 3-6 weeks later, cross reaction of M protein (virulence factor) to cardiac myofibers |
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Term
| Chronic rheumatic heart disease |
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Definition
| Years after acute rheumatic fever, mitral stenosis most common with left atrial dilatation, blood backs up in lungs, right ventricular hypertrophy and eventual failure, fused commissures of valve leaflets |
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Term
| Congenital bicuspid valve |
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Definition
Most common cause of aortic valve replacement in mid adulthood, cause of aortic stenosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common cause of aortic valve replacement in elderly, causing aortic stenosis, calcifications in valve leaflets, same risk factors as for angina and coronary atherosclerosis (smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension) |
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Term
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Definition
Left ventricular hypertrophy, syncope (fainting episodes), chest pain, heart murmur |
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