Term
| Ecology has always emphasized populations and communities, but more recently ___. Twenty years ago there was emphasis on how animals live, but now distribution of species is more focused on. |
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Definition
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Term
| From smallest to largest: individual, population, ___, ___, landscape, ___, ___. |
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Definition
community
ecosystem
biome
biosphere |
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Term
| A population consists of individuals ___. |
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Definition
| of the same species in a specific area at a given time |
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Term
| A distribution of a population descibes its spatial location, while the geographic range is ___. |
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Definition
| the area that encompasses all individuals of the population |
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Term
| The number of individuals per unit area is population ___. ___ density is the number of individuals in each unit specifically. |
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Definition
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Term
| Abundance is the ___ in a population. |
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Definition
| total number of individuals |
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Term
| There are three paterns of spatial dispertion of a population: ___ (three types). |
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Definition
| random, uniform and clumped |
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Term
To estimate a population size of mobile animals, use the mark-recapture (AKA capture-recapture) method.
estimated population size (N) = (n1*n2)/(Rn2)
where n1 = ___
n2 = ___
Rn2 = ___ |
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Definition
the number of individuals in the first sample
the number of individuals in the second sample
the number of individuals recaptured in the second sample*
*They are deemed recaptured if they have a mark given to them when they were captured during the first sample. |
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Term
| An indices of abundance is the count of individuals in a population represented by ___. |
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Definition
| some other sign of presence than the organism itself (ex. # droppings, etc.) |
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Term
| If a sample of a population shows that it has relatively a lot of children, the population is ___, because there will be more people to reproduce. |
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Definition
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Term
| Birth and death rate can be estimated with the formula ___. |
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Definition
N1=N0+B-D+I-E
where N1 = population at time 1
N2 = population at time 2
B = birth rate
D = death rate
I = # of immigrants
E = # of emmigrants
Can remember N1=NBDIE and the signs (+/-) alternate, starting with + |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of individuals in a population in the same age bracket |
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Term
| Survivorship of a cohort measures ___. |
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Definition
| how many in that cohort survive to the next age bracket |
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Term
| Fecundity is defined as ___. |
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Definition
| the average number of offspring per female per age bracket |
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Term
There are three survivorship curve types:
in type I ___
in type II ___
in type III ___
Give an example for each |
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Definition
most organisms die old (ex. humans, goats)
death rate is constane (ex. many birds, turtles)
most organisms die young (ex. many plants) |
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