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| A rotating disk of dust and gas that surrounds the core of a developing solar system. It may eventually develop into orbiting celestial bodies such as planets and asteroids. |
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| pressure within the central mass of the proplanetary disk triggers nuclear fusion. Hydrogen squared turned into helium which caused to sun to form.Gravity causes matter to condense over previously precursor objects not in the suns reach, and they were outside new sun gravitational grasp, basically |
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| are large planetary embryos that originate within protoplanetary discs and have undergone internal melting to produce differentiated interiors. |
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| is a combination of 3 eons which are the Haden, Archean, Proterozoic. This is the longest eon |
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| reptiles dominated, first mammals are showed. 250MYA-65MYA |
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| starts abundance of soft shell organisms, all major animal groups were in these Cambrians, appearance and diversification happened gradually over 60 million years. first land plants showed and aquatic animals thrive in this eon. |
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| age of mammals, humans for 2MYA, placement of land mass are moving because of continental drift this was because of climate change and plate techtonics. During this time monomers turn to polymers. |
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| unified era, not much happened there was no oceans and earth was getting bombared by other rocks, at the point it was fully molten hydrogen and helium was driven off because of heat, no atmosphere, no O2, asteroids cause huge cracks in the Earth, steam and gases cause clouds which causes oceans 750 million years later. |
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| first life, single celled ogranisms>multiclled organism, bacterial and Archea life forms, major structures are stromatolites |
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| Unicellular vs multicellular |
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| In simple terms the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms arises from the number of cells that are present in them. As the name suggests, unicellular organisms contain one single cell, while multicellular organisms contain more than one cell within them. Multicellular vs unicellular organisms can thus be differentiated on this basis alone. |
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| various Cambrian sponge like animals, start of animal trees |
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| earliest multicellular life |
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| arrives late in Precambrian (1BYA) trace fossils prove movement with these new multicellular life. |
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| cyanobacterial mats/ stromatolites |
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| giant matted boulders of bacteria cells in a big cluster, found in Archean |
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| these were most common in the Archean ion and where bacteria fossils, pin-pointed by the start of life, 3.8 billion years. |
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| fossils of other life forms that happened in the Archean ion shows the first signs of life which were fossils of cyanobacterial mats/ stromatolites |
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| 96% of all life went extinct, had many extinction of bugs, by far the most damaging extinction |
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| is the Mesozoic era 250MYA-65MYA |
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| extinction of mammals and plants caused by one or more atmospheric effect, no sunlight equaled hindered photsythesis |
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| The dust cloud came down and made this boundary this showed dinosaurs below the line and none above it |
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| history of time on a 12 hour scale to help us re-visualize the passage of time |
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In order to call something alive it has to have 2 characteristics
1.) organized
2.) replicates itself |
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| We think there was originally an RNA world |
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| 1.) easily formed abiotically, can replicate, has hereditary information, has catalytic properties, hold chemical reactions and can be made by sugar and nitrogen base |
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| organic material: amino acids, nucelotides,sugars, lipids and ATP |
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| Miller and Urey's experiment |
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| Miller took molecules which were believed to represent the major components of the early Earth's atmosphere and put them into a closed system The gases they used were methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen (H2), and water (H2O). Next, he ran a continuous electric current through the system, to simulate lightning storms believed to be common on the early earth. Analysis of the experiment was done by chromotography. At the end of one week, Miller observed that as much as 10-15% of the carbon was now in the form of organic compounds. Two percent of the carbon had formed some of the amino acids which are used to make proteins. Perhaps most importantly, Miller's experiment showed that organic compounds such as amino acids, which are essential to cellular life, could be made easily under the conditions that scientists believed to be present on the early earth. |
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Abiotic synthesis of organic materials
Formation of polymers
Formation of protobionts
Origin of hereditary material |
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| since the clay is found at the bottom of the ocean with a positive charge with elements such as iron and zinc in it which allowed monomers to cling to the clay because it had a positive charge which made monomers turn to polymers. it solved the promixity problem. RNA can self-replicate and more likely in the presence of zinc. Earliest life forms could have happened during this time. |
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| Little chemical structure that forms spontaneous. We mainly know the ones Made up of lipids. Lipids have Hydrophilic head and Hydrophobic tails. Hydrophilic is water loving and hydrophobic is water hating. Naturally lipids form with tail away from water and head towards, Bilayer. With a lot of them we get a ball with lipids inside and liposome. Cavity inside can hold chemicals. Phospholipid bilayer. (Looks like cell) This solves proximity problem because things can get together now. |
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| Continental Drift and changing geography |
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| is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other by appearing to drift across the ocean bed.This is because of climate change and plate tectonics. |
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means many monomers. Sometimes polymers are also known as macromolecules or large-sized molecules. Usually, polymers are organic (but not necessarily).
Monomer is a molecule that is able to bond in long chains. |
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| 500 MYA continents were in the Southern hemisphere and continued to move southward at this time they were going into larger land masses. 400 MYA the continents moved closer together in the Permian period they collided to a super continent Pangea. Eventually, lava erose into the atmosphere causing climate change which caused glaciation. |
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