Term
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Definition
| Of, or relating to rivers |
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Term
| What are the 3 major fluvial zones? |
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Definition
- Zone of erosion
- Zone of storage and transprt of sediment
- Zone of sediment deposition
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Term
| What does Lacustrine refer to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Streams tend to have (fewer/more) organisms near their source, and (fewer/more) organisms near their end. |
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Definition
- Fewer near source (less nutrients)
- More near end (more nutrients)
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Term
| Streams become (wider/narrower) with increasing "stream order". |
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Definition
| Wider, further from source |
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Term
| Shredders and grazers are found in _______ regions of streams, while collectors are found in ________ regions of streams. |
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Definition
- Shredders and grazers - Near headwaters
- Collectors - Farther from headwater (wider part of stream)
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Term
| What is the River Continuum Hypothesis? |
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Definition
- Says that the riparian vegetation in the headwaters is an important energy source for the stream.
- Leaves fall in stream => insects disintegrate leaves as particles move downriver =>
- Up to 90+% of energy comes from headwater riparian vegetation
- Aquatic insects are placed into four main “Functional Feeding Groups” based upon mouthparts designed to consume particles of different sizes
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Term
| What are the Four Functional Feeding Groups of aquatc insects? What are these groups based upon? |
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Definition
- Shredders
- Grazers
- Collectors
- Predators
Distinguished by mouthparts designed to consume particles of different sizes |
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Term
| What are the four categories of organic resources in Stream Ecosystems? |
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Definition
- Primary producers
- Detritus (waste or debris of any kind)
- Dissolved organic matter
- Animal consumers
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Term
| What are four impacts of stream regulation? |
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Definition
- Lowered flows
- Changes in light penetration
- Changes in temperature
- Changes in quantity and form of organic resources
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Term
| What are four factors governing Riverine Ecosystems? |
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Definition
- Annual hydrographic pattern (flow of waters)
- Geomorphic setting (formation of land forms)
- Vegetational setting
- Stream order
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What comprises the benthos? |
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Definition
| Flora and fauna living on the bottom of a lake, stream, or sea |
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Term
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Definition
| Microfloral growth on substrates such as rocks or wood debris |
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Term
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Definition
- Large forms of aquatic plants
- Either emergent, submergent, or floating
- Provide cover for fish
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Term
| What are the two source of carbon in freshwater streams? |
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Definition
- Allochthonous - introduced from outside, such as leaves falling into water
- Autochthonous - generated from within the system
- Periphyton, vascular macrophytes
- Primary productivity is from within the system
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Term
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Definition
Fine Particulate Organic Matter
Leaf falls in stream => microbes/invertebrates convert to FPOM |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of headwater streams? |
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Definition
- Zone of erosion
- Low stream order (1-3)
- Narrow in width
- Dense riparian vegetation (closed canopy)
- P/R<1 (Heterotrophic)
- Oligotrophic, clear, cold water high in O2
- Dominated by shredders and collectors
- CPOM (course particulate...)
- Gravel/heterogeneous bottom
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Term
| What are some charateristics of the midreach region of streams? |
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Definition
- Stream order 3-6
- Wider width => widening of river valley
- Little shading by riparian vegetation
- Warmer water than headwater
- More nutrients due to FPOM
- Dominated by collectors and grazers
- Producers include vascular hydrophytes and periphyton
- P/R>1 (Autotrophic community)
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Term
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Definition
- Algae and fungi living on the bottom of shallow midreach streams
- Generate a large amount of carbon via photosynthesis
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Term
| What are some characteristics of the lowermost sections/large river setting? |
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Definition
- Collector species dominate (grazers and shredders absent)
- Primary producers include phytoplankton
- Predators include aquatic beetles
- Bottom microhabitats, flat gradient
- P/R<1
- Warm/nutrient rich waters
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