neonatal exposure to organism neutralizes stem cells of immune response, animal does not have immune response first few years of life

-       infection persist first few years unchecked without stem cells capable of immune response

-       does not last forever, immune cells activated later in life

Example: tritrichomonas immune tolerance in cattle from neonatal exposure

parasite of a parasite

            Example: Histomonas invades Heterakis eggs and acts as a parasite to nematode eggs for transmission into chicken

infection/inflammation meninges of brain

            Example: Naegleria fowleri and acanthamoeba 

host used only for transmission, no development of organism

            Example: Earthworm of Histomonas

– host that harbors parasite for only a short period of time

            Example: Pigs/cattle ingest toxoplasma gondii, humans eat meat and get infected

active feeding stage

            Example: tritrichomonas foetus 

environmentally resistant stage

            Example: Histolytica in Night soil (human feces fertilizer)

naegleria in water with low oxygen levels

Granuloma

tiny collection of immune cells known as macrophages

 forms when the immune system attempts to wall off substances that it perceives as foreign but is unable to eliminate(wiki)