Term
| Describe the cichlid population crash. |
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Definition
- Occured in Africa
- Nile Perch were introduced into Lake Victoria to provide a fishery for local peoples => cichlid diversity declined because Perch ate through their resource base
- In the end there were very few perch left as well because they used up all the resources
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Term
| What are the two main impacts of invasive species on wetland habitats? |
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Definition
- Population crashes/extinctions of indogenous species
- ex: Perch in Africa
- Community structure changes
- ex: Zebra mussel in Great Lakes
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Term
| What is unique about the razorback sucker and humpback chub in the Colorado River? |
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Definition
- They have specialized humps on their backs (morphological adaptation) that allow them to burrow into the substrate to forage in fast waters
- Endangered
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Term
| How have invasive species affected the Colorado squawfish? |
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Definition
| The squawfish eats ntroduced catfish that have spines on their back => kills squawfish |
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Term
| What is the most invaded estuary in the world? |
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Definition
San Fransisco Bay and Delta
Because invasive species are carried in the ballasts of ships |
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Term
| What is the major transporter of coastal non-native species? |
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Definition
| The shipping industry, ships fill up ballast => uptakes larval forms of many organisms => release ballast in foreign ports |
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Term
| What is happening to the Aral Sea in former USSR? |
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Definition
| It is becoming a lakebed due to diversion of water |
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Term
| What has invaded the Black Sea from N. America? How? Effects? |
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Definition
- Comb jellyfish
- Transported in the ballasts of ships
- Eliminated recreational use of Black Sea and causes ecological havoc
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Term
| What are the two basic types of freshwater fish? |
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Definition
- Primary freshwater fish: can only live in freshwater
- Secondary freshwater fish: Can live in freshwater as well as salt water
- ex: Pup fish
Truly marine fishes can only live in salt water |
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Term
| What is an anadromous fish? |
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Definition
- Lay eggs in fresh water => migrate to ocean to mature => return to river and oligotrophic headwater streams to spawn
- Mature in ocean b/c temerate lattitudes have more nutrients than oligotrophic headwaters
- Ex: Lampreys, sturgeon
- Species can have one or many reproductive cycles
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Term
| What is a catadromous species? |
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Definition
- Migrate from the ocean and mature in freshwater
- Reproduce in estuarine or marine environments
- Occur in tropical lattitudes (freshwater > ocean in nutrients)
- ex: Striped mullet (CA), European eel
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Term
| What is an ephemeral wetland? |
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Definition
| Only exists for a short period of time following precipitation or snowmelt |
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