Term
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Definition
| Chemical antimicrobial that kills all living organisms, including spores |
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Term
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Definition
Kill microbes or pathogens from inanimate surfaces,
may not kill spores |
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Term
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Definition
Reduce, but may not eliminate microbes (food
industry, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
antimicrobials that inhibit microbial growth without
killing them |
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Term
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Definition
| antimicrobials that kill microbes |
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Term
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Definition
| antimicrobials that kill microbes by lysing them |
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Term
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Definition
A nontoxic antimicrobial compound used on living
tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| non-chemotheraputic agents (e.g., antiseptics, disinfectants, sterilizers, sanitizers) |
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Term
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Definition
| a property of chemotheraputic agents that will kill the harmful bacteria, but will not harm the good bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
- Used to detect the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration
- A series of increasing concentrations of the antimicrobial agent are prepared in the culture broth medium. Each tube is equally inoculated and incubated to allow microbial growth to proceed. Growth (turbidity) occurs in those tubes containing the antimicrobial at concentrations below the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Tube cultures are non-turbid (clear, no growth) at MIC and higher concentrations of the antimicrobial agent.
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Term
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Definition
Sterilization effect: Heat, possible other effects
Uses: Sterilizing disposable medical equipment
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Term
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Definition
Sterilization effect: DNA damage, modifications
Uses: Disinfecting exposed surfaces, air, water |
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Term
Gamma rays
(ionizing radiation) |
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Definition
Sterilization effect: Damage to DNA, proteins via electrons and radicals
Uses: Sterilization of medical devices, foods, meat, |
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Term
| Microbial factors that influence effectiveness of antimicrobial agents (3) |
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Definition
•Population size
•Population and community
composition
•Encasement within surface
biofilms |
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Term
| Antimicrobial agent factors that influence effectiveness of antimicrobial agents |
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Definition
•Concentration (may be “-static” at certain concentrations and “-cidal” at higher concentrations)
•Duration of exposure of the microorganisms
•Temperature of treatment
•Presence of other organic materials
•Level of microbial resistance to the antimicrobial agent |
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Term
| what forms of microbes are resistant to antimicrobial agents? |
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Definition
- Endospores
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis – dense waxy cell wall provides resistance
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Term
| how is the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined? |
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Definition
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Term
| how is the disc agar diffusion test performed? |
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Definition
The test organism is spread on the culture medium in an agar plate and then sterile antibiotic discs are applied. After incubation, the organism produces a confluent “lawn” of growth except in zones of inhibition around discs containing antibiotics to which the organism is susceptible. |
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Term
| how are the results from disc agar diffusion interpreted? |
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Definition
| The size of inhibition zones are compaired. The larger the inhibition zone, the more sensitive the bacteria is to that specific antibiotic |
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Term
| Filtration as a Method of Sterilization |
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Definition
- Filters of different porosities are used, depending on the purpose (what is being filtered out, viscosity, etc.)
- Many different types of devices available for small or large volumes
- Depth filters – sheets or mats of fiberous paper, cellulose, or glass
- Membrane filters – used for sterilization, have uniform pore size; made of cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, or polysulfone
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