Term
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Definition
| Localized staphylococcal infection of the meibomian gland. 1. May be associated with a preexisting blepharitis or meibomianitis. 2. Left untreated may result in preseptal or orbital cellulitis. |
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Term
| Drug of choice for Staph Infections involving meibomian glands |
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Definition
| Dicloxacillin (penicillin) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pencillinase-resistant penicillin, affects bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding protein to inhibit transpeptidation; Forms weak cell wall causing lysis (bactericidal action); Also causes the production of autolysins; More gastric acid resistant than nother penicillinase-resistant penicillin, absorption is rapid but incomplete; Peak serum levels 1-1.5 hours; After a single 500 mg a peak serum level of 10-17 mg/mL; Excretion is urinary, dosage adjustment necessary in patient with creatine clearance. |
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Term
| Adverse Effects for Dicloxacillin |
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Definition
| Cross sensitivity with cephalosporins, Serum sickness, blood dyscrasias, seizures in patient with renal failure. |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme produced by bacteria that inactivates penicillin, thus increasing resistance to the antibiotic; a purified form from Bacillus cereus is used in the treatment of reactions to penicillin.) |
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Term
| Internal Hordeolum Treatment Antibiotics |
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Definition
| Dicloxacillin, Cephalexin, (Cefadroxyl) |
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Term
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Definition
| Bactericidial, causes a defective peptidoglycan, inhibits cell membrane enyme (alters permeability), inhibits protein synthesis, 1st generation of the cephalosporin, Acid stable, and may be given with regard to meals; Rapidly absorbed after oral admin.; Following a single dose of 500 mg approximately a peak serum concentration of 32 ug/mL at 1 hour; Excreted in the urinary by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion (dosage adjustment required. |
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Term
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Definition
| For treatment of Internal hordeolum (associated with staph.); rapidly absorbed; following a single dose of 500 mg around 28 ug/mL peak serum concentration is obtained; Excreted in the urine by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion (dosage adjustment required) |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of concentration in the serum; the lower the number the better therapeutic effect it is said to have. Drugs that have more affinity for proteins need increased concentration intake; Serum concentration that have the peak values in milligrams have less affinity; |
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Term
| Adverse effects for Cephalexin/Cefadroxyl |
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Definition
| resistance – beta lactamase producing strains, 1. Hypersensitivity in nthe form of rash, urticaria, angioedema, pruritus, 2. Nephrotoxicity, 4. Pseudomembranous colitis; Cross sensitivity with Penicillin; |
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Term
| In Internal Hordeolum what may be used in case of allergies to PCN or Cephalosporin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Infectious process involving lid structures anterior to the orbital septum. |
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Term
| Etiologies for Preseptal Cellulitis |
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Definition
| eyelid disease (staph infection, hordeolum; UPR (upper respiratory track infections) – Hemoph. Innfluenza in children < 5yr. and Strep. Pneumonia in adults; Trauma (B-Hemol. strep., S. Pyogenes and anerobes in case of bites like Bacteriodes fragilis and Clostridium Species. |
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Term
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Definition
| an infection of the colon often, but not always, caused by the bacterium Clostridium difficile. Still, the expression "C. diff colitis" is used almost interchangeably with the more proper term of pseudomembranous colitis. The illness is characterized by offensive-smelling diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. It can be severe, causing toxic megacolon, or even fatal. |
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Term
| Treatment for secondary Internal Hordeolum (staph) |
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Definition
| 1. Dicloxacillin, 2. Cephalexin, Cephardoxyl |
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Term
| Treatment for Preseptal Cellulitis secondary to haemophilus Influene |
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Definition
| Amoxicillin with Clavulanate (Augmentin) |
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Term
| Amoxicillin with clavulanate (Augmentin) |
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Definition
| Penicillin active against gram + and – 2. Affects bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding protein to inhibit transpeptidation; Forms weak cell wall causing lysis (bactericidal action); 4 Also causes the production autolysins; Stable in the presence of gastric acid and is rapidly absorbed after oral administration; 1-2 hours after a single 500 mg administration produces peak serum levels in the range of mcg/mL to 7.5 mcg/mL; The half life of amoxicillin is 61.3 minutes; Excretion is urinary, dosage adjustment necessary in patient with low creatinine clearance |
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Term
| Adverse affects of Amoxicillin (with Clavulanate known as Augmentin) |
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Definition
| Cross sensitivity with cephalosporins, Serum sickness, Blood dyscrasias, seizures in patient with renal failure, pseudomembrane colitis; resistance to – beta lactamase producing strains. |
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Term
| Preseptal Cellulitis secondary to strep. species and Anerobes treatment |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1. inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosomal complex (bacteriostatic) 2. It has activity against gram-positive aerobes and anerobes as well as the gram negative anerobes; Rapidly absorbed after oral administration; After a single 150 mg does about a peak serum level of 2.50mcg/mL is reached in 45 minutes;. 90 % absorption; Resistance – alteration in cell membrane permeability, modification of 50S subunit binding site; |
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Term
| Clyndamicin Adverse effects |
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Definition
| abdominal pain nausea, diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, maculopapular skin rashes, urticaria pruritis, Juandice, Azotemia, Transient neurtropenia and eosinophilia |
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Term
| Orbital Cellulitis (spread from preseptal cellulitis) Treatment |
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Definition
| Unaxyn IV (ampicillin w/ sulbactam, 1.5 and 3.0 g vial) |
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Term
| Unansyn IV (Ampicillin w/ sulbactam) 1.5 g and 3.0 g |
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Definition
| Penicillin active against gram + and -; affects bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding protein to inhibit transpeptidation; 3.Forms weak cell wall causing lysis (bactericidial action); 4. Also causes the production of autolysins; Resistance inhibited by Sulbactam; Drug interaction probencid decreases the renal tubular secreation of unasyn; concurrent use of prbenecid may result inn increased andn prolonged blood levels of ampicillin and sulbactam |
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Term
| Unansyn IV (Ampicillin w/ sulbactam) Kinetics |
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Definition
| immediately after completion of a 15 minute IV administration of a 1.5 g vial (diluted) about 40 – 71 mcg/mL peak serum concentration are obtained; Excretion is urinary, dosage adjustment necessary in patient with low creatine clearance. |
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Term
| Unansyn IV (Ampicillin w/ Sulbactam) Adverse effects |
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Definition
| cross sensitivity with cephalosporins, Diarrhea, Rash, Blood dyscrasis, Seizures in patients with renal failure, Pseudomembrane colitis |
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