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Definition
| closely approximate blood capillaries in size, shape, and number but they lack a basal lamina |
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| lymph vessels that are afferent as they course toward lymph nodes and efferent as they exit lymph nodes |
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Definition
| drains the right head, neck, arm and thorax |
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| drains the left side of the head, neck, arm, thorax, and the entire abdominopelvic cavity, and both legs |
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| destroys dying red blood cells, acts as a blood reservoir, and contains lymphocytes and monocytes that respond to foreign antigens |
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Definition
-a bilobed gland located in the upper portion of the mediastinum
-primary function is to sensitize and activate populations of B-cells to mature into T-cells |
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Definition
| act primarily as macrophages (enlarged, activated cells that undergo phagocytosis) where they actively attack and destroy microorganisms that invade the body |
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Definition
| varied and complex cells with a large number of subpopulation types. They can be divided into three general groups: B-cells, T-cells, and Natural Killer (NK) cells |
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Definition
when activated, produce antibodies that bind with antigens to de-activate them in a few different ways
-They also send chemical signals to other immune cells that aid in their destruction |
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Definition
| help to activate B-cells, kill cancer and virus-infected cells directly, and produce chemicals that help other immune cells attack harmful microorganisms |
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| patrol throughout the body looking for virus-infected or cancerous cells. They are able to destroy these cells directly |
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Definition
| a foreign particle on the surface of a microorganism or a foreign chemical |
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| complex proteins that have the ability to attach to the antigens by having a complementary shape on their binding sites |
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Definition
| composed of ductless glands that produce hormones |
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Definition
-regulatory chemicals that are secreted either into the bloodstream or onto the surface of an organ
-induce a change in cellular metabolism |
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Term
| paracrine and autocrine molecules |
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Definition
| hormone-like substances that act more locally than hormones and can have remarkable effects |
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Definition
| act on another endocrine gland to produce a hormone that affects a target cell |
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Definition
| act directly on a target cell. |
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Definition
| act directly on a target cell. |
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Definition
| act directly on a target cell. |
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Definition
Relatively small proteins.
Produced by pineal and thymus glands, pancreas, kidney, heart, liver, portions of the gastrointestinal tract |
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Definition
Derived from amino acid tyrosine.
Thyroid amines (T3 and T4) are hydrophobic.
Adrenal medulla amines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) are hydrophilic. |
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Definition
Derived from cholesterol
Produced by adrenal cortex, testes, ovaries, and placenta. |
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Definition
| composed of glandular tissue that develops from a group of cells that migrate from the palate region to the brain |
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Definition
| composed of nervous tissue and forms as an extension of the brain |
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Definition
| releases hormones that either help stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary |
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Definition
| deliver hormones from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary for storage and release |
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Definition
| synthesizes, stores, and secretes six hormones |
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Definition
| often called a 'double gland' because it acts as an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland |
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Term
| six hormones synthesized, stored, and secreted by the anterior pituitary |
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Definition
1. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
2. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
3. Luteinizing hormone (LH) in females and Interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) in males
4. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
5. Prolactin (PRL)
6. Growth hormone (GH) |
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Term
| two hormones stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary |
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Definition
1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also known as vasopressin
2. Oxytocin (OT) |
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Term
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Definition
| A stalk that extends from the hypothalamus in which neurons carry hormones produced in the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary |
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Definition
Areas of the pancreas that contain 3 principle groups of cells:
1. alpha cells
2. beta cells
3. delta cells |
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Definition
| secrete the hormone glucagon that stimulates the liver to release and break down glycogen into glucose so that it may be released into the bloodstream |
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Definition
secrete insulin that aids in the uptake and utilization of glucose by cells
Insulin also stimulates glycogen synthesis and lipid storage. |
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Definition
| secrete somatostatin. This hormone inhibits the release of both insulin and glucagon in the pancreas and so maintains blood glucose levels. |
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Definition
| lies just inferior to the larynx and sits on, and partially surrounds, the trachea. It is bi-lobed and the lobes are conjoined by an isthmus. |
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Term
| parafollicular cells (= C cells) |
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Definition
| produce the hormone calcitonin. Calcitonin is responsible for calcium regulation in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| essentially a 'double-gland' in that there are cortical and medullary regions that differ developmentally, histologically, and chemically. |
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