Term
| what types of organisms live at trenches? |
|
Definition
Molluscs, foramineferans,
and radiolarians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 11 km down, deepest point on earth |
|
|
Term
| what are more immediate causes of population disruption? |
|
Definition
Geomorphological processes such as glaciation or river migration
or lake formation are much more immediate causes of population
disruption than tectonic processes |
|
|
Term
| example of tectonics causing speciation? |
|
Definition
collision of north and south america 3 mya
Great American Biological
Interchange (GABI) |
|
|
Term
Great American Biological
Interchange (GABI) |
|
Definition
| 147 NA fauna went south, 43 SA went north; fish and birds went north |
|
|
Term
| in what way is Central America a biogeographic hot spot? |
|
Definition
7% of all known species can
be found in central America
which makes up only < 1% of
global terrestrial habitat area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| virginia possum, continued to push north |
|
|
Term
| where did marsupials orgininate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Long-term effects on biogeography: |
|
Definition
| Tectonic processes can move biogeographic provinces into juxtaposition |
|
|
Term
| short term affects on biogeography |
|
Definition
Tectonic processes create new habitats.
Tectonic processes create new local climatic patterns
through mountain building |
|
|
Term
| how can islands be colonized? |
|
Definition
Vertebrates from the mainland arrive by air or raft to colonize the
island, bringing plant and fungal spores with them along with
microbes |
|
|
Term
| why do tropics see so much rain? |
|
Definition
Warm air masses can hold
a lot of water vapor. They
rise from the tropical
latitudes cooling as they
ascend, resulting in rain |
|
|
Term
| where do air masses descend and what are its affects? |
|
Definition
Air masses descend at 30
degrees latitude creating
high pressure systems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where warn air descends (30 degrees north and south) |
|
|
Term
| where are tropical zones found? |
|
Definition
| along equatoral regions due to rising air masses that drop water as they ascend |
|
|
Term
| what happens to air masses between 30 and 60 deg. latitude? |
|
Definition
Air masses heat up again
between 30 and 60
degrees latitude. As they
rise they drop rain that
nourishes temperate
forests |
|
|
Term
| what happens to air masses at the polls? |
|
Definition
Air masses descending at
the poles are dry and
cold. The arctic and
antarctic are often
referred to as “polar
deserts.” |
|
|
Term
| merriams theory of vertical belts on mountains |
|
Definition
In ascending a mountain, one “has passed
through several belts, each characterized by a
considerable degree of uniformity as regards
the plant and animal life. |
|
|
Term
| short term tectonic factors of biogeographic patterns |
|
Definition
catastrophic
(volcanoes)
oceanic island formation
fault location |
|
|
Term
| long term tectonic causes of biogeographic patterns |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| regional climatic factors of biogeo patterns |
|
Definition
| rain shadow and wind direction |
|
|
Term
| global climatic patterns of biogeo patterns |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
are places on the planet with similar types of plants.
Biomes are caused by tectonic and climatic causes of biogeographic patterns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tundra is found at high northern latitudes and high in
mountains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in tundra only, grows a few centimeters high |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Deserts: seasonal, but very low rainfall. Very high
species diversity and abundance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Many chaparral plants depend on fire for
seed dispersal and germination |
|
|
Term
Tropical
evergreen
forests |
|
Definition
| water and species everywhere |
|
|
Term
| what is happening to the savanna and tropical evergreen forests |
|
Definition
The savanna and tropical
evergreen forests of Africa and
Madagascar are being
consumed by fire where human
populations are growing most
rapidly |
|
|
