Term
| Bacteria can reproduce/obtain genetic variation in three ways: ___. |
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Definition
| binary fission, genetic recombination (w/ pili) and DNA uptake from surroundings |
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Term
| Organisms can be broken down into four categories depending on how they obtain energy and carbon. Photoautotrophs obtain their energy and carbon from ___. Photoheterotrophs obtain their energy and carbon from ___. Chemoautotrophs (or -lithotrophs) obtain their energy and carbon from ___. Chemoheterotrophs obtain their energy and carbon from ___. |
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Definition
Photoautotrophs -> light, carbon dioxide
Photoheterotrophs -> light, organic molecules
Chemoautotrophs -> inorganic molecules, carbon dioxide
Chemoheterotrophs -> organic molecules, organic molecules |
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Term
| Humans, and most other organisms belong to the ___ group, based on how they obtain their energy and carbon. |
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Definition
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Term
| Photoautotrophs may use two different types of chlorophyll: chlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophyll. If they use chlorophyll a, ___ is their electron donor, causing ___ to be released. If they use bacteriochlorophyll, ___ is their electron donor and ___ is released. |
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Definition
| water, oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur |
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Term
| Some chemolithotrophs, who obtain energy from inorganic molecules and carbon from carbon dioxide, obtain hydrogen sulfide from ___ deep in the ocean. |
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Definition
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Term
| Denitrifiers (like bacillus and Pseudomonas) turn ___ into ___. |
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Definition
| nitrate, molecular nitrogen |
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Term
| Nitrogen fixing bacteria (like Bradyrhizobium) turn ___ into ___, obtaining nitrogen from things like protein and nucleic acids. |
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Definition
| molecular nitrogen, ammonia |
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Term
| Nitrifiers convert ___ to ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| A major prokaryote group, spirochetes are gram ___ and ___, based on how they obtain their energy and carbon. They move through ___ filaments and include parasites like syphilis and ___ disease. |
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Definition
| negative, chemoheterotrophs, axial, Lyme |
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Term
| A major prokaryote group, chlamydias has the ___ sized bacteria on average. They are gram ___ cocci. They infect humans and are ___ parasites, meaning they need to live on a host to survive. |
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Definition
| smallest, negative, obligate |
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Term
| Obligate means that the organism ___ in order to survive, where as facultative means that the organism can grow in multiple situations. |
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Definition
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Term
| A symbiotic relationship, containing two symbionts, means ___. |
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Definition
| a close, long-term association |
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Term
| The major prokaryote group high GC gram positive bacteria are known for their high guanine-cytosine base content in their DNA. Many of them have ___ growth and an example is ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cyanobacteria are known for their blue/green color. They are ___, using chlorophyll a. Some perfom nitrogen ___, by turning molecular nitrogen in ammonia. They can either be free living or colonial, and produced a lot of oxygen in ancient Earth. |
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Definition
| photoautotrophs, fixation |
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Term
| Despite their name, not all low-GC gram positive bacteria are gram positive. They are known for their ___, which allow them to survive harsh environments. Some can live for thousands of years. Two examples are ___. Micoplasma, a member of this group is the ___ known cellular organism. |
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Definition
| endospores, anthrax & botulism, smallest |
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Term
| Protobacteria, AKA "purple bacteria," is the largest group of bacteria, with a huge amount of diversity. The ancestor of the eukaryotic ___ was a protobacteria. Protobacteria can be nitrogen ___ or ___ and ___ is a member of their group. |
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Definition
| mitochondria, fixers or nitrifiers, E. coli |
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Term
| A major prokaryote group, archaea, are known for surviving some extreme environments, although much less is known about them than bacteria. Crenarchaeota, an archaea, for example, live in very ___ environments. |
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Definition
| hot and acidic, Sulfolobus is an example of this type of archaea |
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