Term
|
Definition
| anus forms first, adults have very diverse forms, divided body plans due to developmental genes |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
bilaterally symmetrical
five different ways.
There are five planes of
bilateral symmetry |
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Term
|
Definition
Echinoderm larvae are bilaterally
symmetrical and have an anterior
and posterior orientation |
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Term
| early tool kit genes of echinodermata |
|
Definition
aligns the body
in an antero-posterior orientation, anus
homologous gene that is found
in protostomes, too, and acts in the
first stages of their development |
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Term
|
Definition
The soft organs and skeleton of each
“arm” are arranged in serial segments.
Each arm shows metamerism, just
like in the bodies of all protostomes
and other deuterostomes |
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Term
|
Definition
| early cambrian fossil that displays metamerism, gill slits, and dorsal ray fins |
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Term
|
Definition
made of
calcium carbonate
(calcite mineral) that are
covered by dermis |
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Term
|
Definition
have skeletal structures
(spines) that come
into contact with
the environment |
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Term
| water vascular system of echinodermata |
|
Definition
Water enters through the
madreporite and muscles create
hydrostatic pressure to extend the
tube feet for feeding, locomotion,
and gas exchange |
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Term
|
Definition
appear motionless and
somewhat amorphous, but their system of
tube-feet are indeed pentaradially
symmetrical |
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Term
| special ability of sea cucumbers |
|
Definition
| have lost exoskeleton, so they can explode internal organs and then regenerate lost organs |
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Term
| tool kit gene system unique to echinoderms |
|
Definition
| only organism in which there is a 5 fold duplication of tool kit genes |
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Term
| shared derived characteristics of chordata |
|
Definition
notochord
pharyngeal gill slits
dorsal hollow nerve cord |
|
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Term
| defining characteristic of CHORDATES |
|
Definition
| dorsal hollow nerve chord |
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Term
|
Definition
difficult to place
taxonomically. Their larvae are similar to echinoderms, but their adults have gill slits like other chordates, no dhnc or notochord |
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Term
|
Definition
tunic larva show all the
chordate characteristics, but their
adults are radically different from
the generalized chordates |
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Term
|
Definition
| lancelets, follow generalized chordate body plan, burrow in sand, release water via the atriopore, most closely related to vertebrata |
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Term
|
Definition
| where lancelets let water out |
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Term
| differences between cephalochrodate and vertebrata |
|
Definition
| lancelets lack embryoinic tissue layer and complex nervous system |
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Term
| characteristics of vertebrata |
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Definition
All the chordate characters plus:
neural crest
vertebral columncartilage, bone and dentine |
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Term
|
Definition
| developed from the ectoderm, cells responsible for jaws, teeth tissue, skull |
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Term
|
Definition
| dominant in verts, bulk of embryo |
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Term
|
Definition
| no, since they descend from organims without teeth |
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Term
|
Definition
are a symplesiomorphy
shared with reptiles |
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Term
| Feathers (as synapomorphy or seimplesiopmorphy) |
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Definition
Feathers are a
synapomorphy of all living birds |
|
|
Term
| what happens when bird embryos get mouse teeth genes? |
|
Definition
Bird embryos receiving implanted neural crest
cells from mouse donors develop teeth inside their
mouth |
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Term
|
Definition
forms teeth, and
fish scales, it is a vertebrate
synapomorphy |
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Term
|
Definition
Ostracoderms were the earliest vertebrates. Their fossils are
known from the Cambrian and Ordovician
Ostracoderm fossils from the Ordovician reveal that dentine
is the oldest vertebrate hard tissue |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| reptiles, birds, mammals, it is a synapomorphy of terrestrial life |
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