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Lecture 12 (Unit 5)
Philosophy in a Changing Society
67
Classics
Undergraduate 1
11/11/2015

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Term
What does philosophy seek to address?
Definition
The issues of the time and how we fit into the world. It also seeks to address how to respond of what happens in the world.
Term
What did Plato believe about the world?
Definition
That the world will always exist is the world of ideas. Values however, will not.
Term
What did Aristotle believe about the world contrary to Plato's belief?
Definition
That you need a physical world at the same time to accompany a world of ideas.
Term
In what way did Socrates believe that philosophy is conducted?
Definition
Through discourse/dialect with individuals
Term
Who was the student of Socrates?
Definition
Plato
Term
What did Plato do regarding his teacher Socrates?
Definition
He recorded the dialogues of Socrates but also gave his own platonic interpretations to accompany them.
Term
Who is the preserver of Socratic philosophy?
Definition
Plato
Term
When did Aristotle come along in history?
Definition
After Plato and Socrates
Term
Aristotle lived from...
Definition
384-322 BC
Term
Who was the most significant philosopher?
Definition
Aristotle
Term
What age and century did Aristotle live through?
Definition
The age of transition and change (4th century)
Term
Who was the student of Plato?
Definition
Aristotle
Term
What case did Plato often make?
Definition
That everyone has the idea of the perfect chair in their heads that is what you want a chair to be and you are comparing this particular chair in front of you to that perfect chair in your head.
Term
Plato developed and founded a school called...
Definition
"The Academy"
Term
Aristotle founded...
Definition
The Lyceum (grove of Apollo Lyceus)
Term
The Lyceum was also known as...
Definition
The grove of Apollo Lyceus
Term
In his teachings, Aristotle placed emphasis on...
Definition
Physics. He believed that physical things should be part of philosophy.
Term
On what idea did Aristotle disagree with Plato?
Definition
Plato claimed the physical world was corrupt. Aristotle did not believe so.
Term
What did Aristotle teach about the material things?
Definition
It is nessesary to see the material first in order to conjure it up in your mind.
Term
In particular, Aristotle emphasized the use and need of...
Definition
Reason and the Senses
Term
Plato said you only need logic and reason. Aristotle agreed, but he also added that...
Definition
The senses are also needed
Term
Ethics involves...
Definition
Knowing what is the right thing to do
Term
Who introduced the concept of "entelechy" (telos)?
Definition
Aristotle
Term
What does the concept of "entelechy" (telos) mean?
Definition
The end or goal of something
Term
"In everything, exists its proper endpoint" is a belief taught by...
Definition
Aristotle
Term
Aristotle taught that reason and self-control ...
Definition
Lead to happiness
Term
Aristotle believed that every person...
Definition
Has their own place in society
Term
Cynicism was...
Definition
A philosophy and a school of thought
Term
What does it mean to be a cynic?
Definition
To have a negative outlook on everything
Term
Plato was an ____________. This means to...
Definition
Idealist. Always hold onto an idea of something
Term
Cynicism was described to be as
Definition
"Kunikos" (dog-like)
Term
What does "Kunikos" mean?
Definition
Dog-like
Term
Cynics were interested in...
Definition
The everyday practical life of the individual
Term
Diogenes of Sinope lived from...
Definition
412-324 BC
Term
What was Diogenes of Sinope an example of and how?
Definition
A cynic. He did not live in a house but rather lived in a barrel.
Term
Who was Diogenes of Sinope?
Definition
A cynic
Term
“Diogenes” means...
Definition
Son of Zeus
Term
Cynicism taught that...
Definition
Nature provides ethical norms and that society is a false imposition of convention on nature
Term
"To use any place for any purpose" is a teaching of...
Definition
Cynicism
Term
"Society is a false imposition of convention on nature" is a teaching of...
Definition
Cynicism
Term
"Happiness comes from self-sufficiency (autarkeia)" is a teaching of...
Definition
Cynicism
Term
"Autarkeia" means...
Definition
Human happiness
Term
Epicurus lived from...
Definition
340-270 BC
Term
"The Gardens of Epicurus" was a school by...
Definition
Epicurus
Term
"Ataraxia" refers to...
Definition
Tranquility and freedom from fear and anxiety
Term
Epicureanism emphasized...
Definition
To avoid politics as they result in fear, anxiety, and worry.
Term
"Live secretly" as in, live on your own, was a teaching of...
Definition
Epicureanism/Epicurus
Term
That gods were unconcerned with human experience is a teaching of...
Definition
Epicureanism
Term
That the human being was a collection of atoms that would only be together for a period of time is a teaching of...
Definition
Epicureanism
Term
That the physical was the real world and the belief that the world of atoms that come together in space and time (atomic) was a teaching of...
Definition
Epicureanism
Term
To be content but not to overdo was a teaching of...
Definition
Epicureanism
Term
Cynosarges (or Kunosarges) was...
Definition
A public gymnasium located just outside the walls of Ancient Athens
Term
Cynosarges (or Kunosarges) or ‘doglike behaviour’ was a teaching of ___________. This teaching emphasized...
Definition
Cynicism. That as a dog would do what comes naturally, so does the individual.
Term
"Telos" means...
Definition
An ultimate object or aim
Term
Metaphysics is...
Definition
A traditional branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world that encompasses it.
Term
Cynicism did not have a theory regarding...
Definition
[Meta]physics
Term
Apatheia means...
Definition
The wise person is unmoved by external circumstance
Term
Zeno came up with the notion that Logos (being able to reason) is...
Definition
A divine principle in nature
Term
According to Zeno, where does logic manifest itself?
Definition
Human reason
Term
"The wise person lives in harmony with nature" is a saying by...
Definition
Zeno
Term
"If we live in harmony with nature we must accept our fate" is a saying by...
Definition
Zeno
Term
Socrates emphasized the existence of...
Definition
Self-consciousnesses
Term
The leading Stoic philosopher was...
Definition
Zeno of Citium (335-270 BC)
Term
Zeno of Citium lived from...
Definition
335-270 BC
Term
The Greek word for suffering is...
Definition
Pathos. Add sym and it means suffering along with you
Term
Zeno founded a school in a marketplace called...
Definition
Stoa Poikile
Term
"Make sure to stay absent from physical and mental pain" is a teaching by...
Definition
Epicureanism
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