Term
| Population Genetics and Evolution |
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Definition
| Diversity of alleles and new alleles resulting from mutation allow species to adapt to change. Allele frequencies reach equilibrium in population if certain criteria are met. Quantitative trait loci = certain traits controlled by multiple genes. Other genes resulted in taller, single cob, with multiple seed rows. |
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Term
| How much of the human genome is variable? |
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Definition
| 15 million bases, which is 0.5% of the genome (full genome = 30 bill bases). |
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Term
| Statistics of Genetic Disorders |
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Definition
| ~5% of people born will have a genetic disorder by age 25. 0.36% = single gene disorders, 0.18% = chromosome abnormalities, 4.64% = multifactorial disorders (many genes responsible), and 0.12% have unknown disorders. Multifactorials can't be understood till the individual genes are. |
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Term
| Domestication of Maize 6000-10000 Years Ago |
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Definition
| Only 5 genes are different between teosinte and corn. The tga1 gene is active in teosinte giving it a hard, brown casing but a single amino acid difference got rid of that casing in modern corn. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anthers = male. Stigma = female. Remove anthers, selectively pollinate stigmas. |
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Term
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Definition
| 7 characteristics (genes) determined by pairs of traits (alleles) that didn't show incomplete dominance - peas were either yellow or green, not yellow-green, etc. DNA IDs of these traits (wrinkled, stem length, green, and white flower) are now known. |
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Term
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Definition
| P = (pure-breeding dominant)*(pure-breeding recessive). F1 = heterozygous, show dominant phenotype. F2 = 1:4 homozygous dominant, 2:4 heterozygous, 1:4 homozygous recessive. |
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Term
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Definition
| During gamete formation, alleles of each parent separate. Two alleles/gametes, one from each parent, unite at random at fertilization. Dominant one determines phenotype. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cross A: dominant phenotype (unknown homozygous) to recessive phenotype. Cross B: dominant phenotype (unknown heterozygous) to recessive phenotype. Cross A results in all heterozygous dominant phenotype. Cross B results in 1:1 dominant (hetero) to recessive. |
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Term
| Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment |
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Definition
| During gamete formation, different pairs of alleles segregate independently of each other. |
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