1) Infectious Agents

2) Oxygen-Demanding Waste

3 and 4) Organic & Inorganic Chemicals

5) Plant Nutrients

6) Sediment

7) Radioactive Materials

8) Thermal Pollution

Things that use up and demand oxygen very quickly when they are in water

-therefore there is not enough left for the organisms that are already there

-paper mill, some of the waste water they are dumping it out (it contains a lot of nutrients like phosphorus and many nutrients) the nutrients themselves are not oxygen demanding, but they result in oxygen demanding things.

-à algae and plankton that are going to use up the nutrients with is going to cause them to reproduce and expand and they are further going to expand

SEWGE is also a oxygen demanding waste --> there are lot of nutrients in sewage

organic Chemicals = one of the 8 major categories of water pollutants

1. Kingston Ash Spill

-fly ash was spilled and went into the water

2. VOCs in Groundwater

-VOCs are coming from= anything with “ane” at the end. Besine/ methane (anything dealing with oil)

-mainly from exhaust, like car exhaust

Inorganic chemicals = one of the 8 major categories of water pollutants

-

Anything else that is non-carbon (typically any the metals). In this example it is mercury. Mercury effects brain development in children

-all those fish are top of top preditors that probally consumed it and it’ll will eventually affect you (DNK)

Chemical involved= lead, Arsenic, iron

sign= read flowing water

-when they are mining and they have the large exposed area, any rain or runoff in the large exposed area is actually pulling and bleaching off the land that is in that area

-the reason why it is acid, is often time the rocks are sulfur containing. REMEMBER the iron causes it to be red

IRON

Chemical involved= lead, Arsenic, iron

sign= read flowing water

-when they are mining and they have the large exposed area, any rain or runoff in the large exposed area is actually pulling and bleaching off the land that is in that area

-the reason why it is acid, is often time the rocks are sulfur containing. REMEMBER the iron causes it to be red

bioaccumulation

-phosphorous and nitrogen runoff realted to agriculture

The farmer is spreading some kind of fertilizer on his field, and that fertilizer is going to contain primarily phosphorus and nitrogen (which will eventually get into the water)

-à also relates to oxygen demanding

THICK green lakes

Eutrophic = very very nutrient rich (in a bad way)

Olligal Trophic = usually in tropics

- Basically looks like you can walk on this water, but its because of enormous amount of nutrients

healthy

-low nutrient levels

-good light penetration

-high dissolved oxygen

-deep waters

-low algal growth

-small mouth bass, lake trout

under Louisiana and Mississippi

-DEPLETED OXYGEN

-but not there all hte time, only part of the year

-Water aquifers AND largest amount of agriculture is happening in this area

As the growing season goes on then more and more and nutrients are going down, the large red area (represent the most phytoplankton) will grow in size

-eutophic lakes

-depleted oxygen in Gulf of Mexico

-Phytoplankton growth

-global dead zones

Theres a lot of them in the world. Mostly in Europe because there is not alot of fishing, FISHING IS IMPORTANT 

-can be: persistant, annual, OR episodic/ periodic,

-if you could somehow dillute it, it will be better (kind of like the soulution to pollution is dillution)

-the reason why this is problem is because it is actually confined

Three gorges river in China

(you would see this in Nile, Mississippi river)

-a lot of sediment in water = changes elevation/ it makes the water foggy and you cant have photosynthesis

-sediment prevents light penitration; photosynthetic organisms cannot survive along bottom

-potential shelters burried under sediment

-aquatic organims attached to rocks removed by sediment washing along along bottom

WHERE?

Usually happens from outflow of rivers

-can also happen in construction sites

-also happens by crew ships

-water is very shallow where it is throwing up all the sediment on the bottom

(the chorals and fish are impacted)

-this is something that happens repeatedly on the same day over the season

THIS CAUSES

-sediment to be a water pollutant

-sediment prevents light penitration; photosynthetic organisms cannot survive along bottom

Radioactive material= one of the 8 majore categories of water pollutants

RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL= can also happen near hospitals from hospital waste/ at nuclear power plants there shouldn’t be any contamination of radioactive material BUT they could be some

RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL= probably the smallest one out of all of them

-also can happen near a nuclear powerplant

-VERY VERY hot

-also imapcts the amount of dissolved oxygen that can be stored in that water

-Water is less capable of holding dissolved oxygen when it is warmer

Integrated Coastal Management program:

chesapeak BAY

Integrated Coastal Management program:

there has been a steady decrease in the amount of oysters in the Chesapeak from 1953-2000.?

-This decrease is due to over-harvesting of oysters

-Because they have killed off all the native oysters, they have actually added a new species of oysters that are from Japan. The addition of more oysters decreased the amount of nitrogen in the water

-BAD aspect to adding species to an ecosystem: unknown affect on the ecosystem that nobody planned, this is likely to happen

-hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust

-nitrogen and phorosphours from lawn fertilizers

Combined: Stormwater sewer from the road and the house sewer are eventually combined

Combined sewer= when you have a lot of precipitation, you will always get sewage overflow. Either back up into houses or you would get raw sewage into the outfall. Likely that all of the sewage wont make it to the sewer water treatment plant.

IMPROVE THIS: more ways to collect runoff (porage surfaces, increased vegitation, storage tanks that will store the water temporatily)

sewer= the pipe that carries sewage to a sewage treatment plant or stormwater runoff to a natural stream

1. combined sewer

2. seperate sewer

runoff from the storm drains can cause the pipe to overflow and sicharge a stormwater runoff and diluted sewage to a natural stream

-backsup alot hwen it rains

Combined sewer= when you have a lot of precipitation, you will always get sewage overflow. Either back up into houses or you would get raw sewage into the outfall. Likely that all of the sewage wont make it to the sewer water treatment plant.

porous surfaces, increased vegetation, storage tanks that will store the water temporarily

-green roofs

-Rain barrels= can collect water, and it actually stores it and you can use it later

(pic of the hand)= porous concreate, that allows rain water to come throw

1. Farms= herbicides, insecticides, animal waste

2. pupl mill= colored ligin fragments

3. Sewer= dyes, cosemetics, drugs

RUSSIA

it doenst treat water

unconfined one

Confined one is protected because usually the clay is preventing anything from entering it

-nitrates are a problem in shallow groundwater

-nitrates reduce how much oxygen your blood can carry = finger and lips and other things turn blue

(baby’s are often prone to it, if they consume water with a lot of nitrate)

---they dug the wells to avoid diseases BUT BACKFIRE (at the disco) à also arsenic

VIDEO: Installed 20 years ago. Video happened in 2007. Said water from the pumps is actually odorless, colorless, and taste normal. Arsenic can lead to cancer and death. Symptoms are discoloration and deformities. Afraid that telling a lot of people may cause panic or that it may be ignored.

-early one if you drink clean water and eat healthy food it can be reverse ONLY EARLY ON though, for most people this is just the water they are drinking

Reservoir block by dam --> water supply system (where it will sit for a couple of days so big sediments will settle down) --> input to a sewage treatment system: add chemicals (florid and chlorine) --> wastewater treatment plants (not all the water is sent out, sometimes they stay in reservoirs)

Wastewater treatment plans = downstream

Reservioir= usually upstream

^therefore it goes from upstream to downstream

Purifying procedure in developed countries:

In developing countries:

Negative= both the crops and animals are right on the river, going to increase runoff

Positive= removed, actually have a “buffer” zone that acts act as a filter for the polltion, more trees à prevents runoff from going in

Territorial waters – extends 12 miles out into the ocean from the coastline (within the territorial waters that country has complete jurisdiction)

Territorial waters: anything that is social and political extends 12 miles, as soon as you get into that 12mile limit you need to identify and produce a passport

U.S. EEZ: Does not include a “high seas” provision

US have a problem with the High seas part, they want to extend their EEZ’s. want more than the 200 nautical miles