Term
| Primary functions of the nervous system |
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Definition
-Control of organ systems
-Regulation of organ systems
-Integration of all other systems |
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Term
| Central Nervous System (CNS) |
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Definition
| Contains the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
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Definition
| Contains all nerves away from CNS |
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Term
| Afferent (sensory) neurons |
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Definition
| these carry information toward the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| these carry information away from the CNS |
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Term
| Somatic nervous system (SNS) |
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Definition
| controls most skeletal mm movements |
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Term
| Autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
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Definition
| controls most smooth mm and cardiac mm movements |
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Term
| helps maintain homeostasis |
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Definition
| Parasympathetic division of autonomic nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| Sympathetic division of Autonomic nervous system |
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Term
| Two basic types of nervous system tissues |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| these cells conduct nerve impulses (action potentials) |
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Term
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Definition
| these cells are protective and supportive |
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Term
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Definition
| transmit nerve impulses from the CNS to the PNS and effect some change |
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Term
| Sensory (Afferent) Neurons |
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Definition
| transmit nerve impulses to the CNS from the PNS |
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Term
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Definition
Dendrites
Nerve cell body
Axon
Schwann cells
Nodes of Ranvier
Myelin Sheath
Terminal boutons |
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Term
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Definition
| extensions of the plasma membrane that initiate nerve impulses |
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Term
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Definition
maintenance of cellular functions
responsible for nutrition, growth and repair of neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| extension of nerve cell body and transmits nerve impulse |
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Term
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Definition
| support neuroglial cells that form the myelin sheath |
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Term
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Definition
| regions between successive Schwann cells involved in increasing the speed of the nerve impulse |
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Term
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Definition
| the sheath is an extension of the Schwann cell in the PNS or the oligodendrocyte in the CNS also involved in increasing the speed of the nerve impulse |
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Term
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Definition
| ends of the axon that produce and release neurotransmitters |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of cell body from where axon originates |
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Term
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Definition
| one axon and many dendrites |
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Term
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Definition
| two processes: one axon and one dendrite |
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Term
| Pseudounipolar (Unipolar) Neuron |
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Definition
| single process comes from the cell body & divides into two branches |
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Term
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Definition
| process of wrapping an axon with myelin |
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Term
| 12 pairs, part of the PNS |
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Definition
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Term
| part of the PNS, 31 pairs, all mixed (both sensory & motor) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory: olfaction (smell) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Motor - Voluntary: to superior, medial, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae superioris
Motor - Involuntary:
a. Circular Muscle of Iris (constricts pupil)
b. Ciliary Muscle for changing the shape of the Lens
Sensory - Proprioception (detection of skeletal muscle position) |
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Term
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Definition
Motor - Voluntary tosuperior oblique
Sensory - Proprioception |
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Term
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Definition
1. Sensory:
a. Cutaneous receptors (touch, temp., pain, etc.) of face
(also; surface of eye, surface of tongue, lining of mouth, lining of nose,
teeth & external ear)
b. Proprioception
2. Motor - Voluntary to muscles of mastication |
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Term
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Definition
1. Motor - Voluntary to lateral rectus
2. Sensory - Proprioception |
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Term
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Definition
1. Sensory:
a. Taste, from the taste buds on the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue;
b. Proprioception
2. Motor:
a. Voluntary: to muscles of facial expression
b. Involuntary: to Lacrimal (tear), nasal, Submandibular (salivary),
& Sublingual (salivary) glands |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory: hearing & equilibrium |
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Term
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Definition
1. Sensory:
a. Taste, from the taste buds on the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
b. Proprioception
2. Motor:
a. Voluntary: to pharynx (swallowing)
b. Involuntary: to Parotid (salivary) gland |
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Term
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Definition
1. Sensory:
a. from stretch receptors and pain receptors in the wall of the
organs in the thorax & abdomen
b. Proprioception
2. Motor:
a. Voluntary: to Pharynx (swallowing) & Larynx (phonation)
b. Involuntary: regulates contraction of smooth muscle and gland
secretion of the organs in the thorax and abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
1. Cranial portion:
a. Motor - Voluntary to Pharynx (swallowing) and Larynx (phonation)
b. Sensory - Proprioception
2. Spinal portion:
a. Motor - Voluntary to Trapezius & Sternocleidomastoid
b. Sensory - Proprioception |
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Term
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Definition
1. Motor - Voluntary to tongue muscles (swallowing and speech)
2. Sensory - Proprioception |
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Term
| Structure of spinal nerves |
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Definition
Dorsal root (sensory)
Ventral root (motor; both voluntary and involuntary)
Dorsal root ganglion
Spinal nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| networks formed by ventral rami (branches) only |
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Term
1. Cervical
2. Brachial
3. Lumbar
4. Sacral |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Phrenic n. - to diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
a. Axillary n. - shoulder muscles (deltoid & teres minor)
b. Radial n. - posterior arm, extensors
c. Musculocutaneous - anterior arm, flexors
d. Ulnar n. - medial aspect of anterior forearm, & medial hand (4th & 5th fingers)
e. Median n. - lateral aspect of anterior forearm, & lateral hand (1st, 2nd, & 3rd fingers) |
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Term
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Definition
a. Femoral n.
Motor - to anterior thigh (Quadriceps, leg extension)
Sensory - from anterior thigh and medial leg & top of foot
b. Obturator n.
Motor - Adductors
Sensory - Medial thigh |
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Term
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Definition
a. Many small nerves to lower back, posterior pelvis (gluteals), & perineum
b. Sciatic n. - the Sciatic N. provides innervation to the posterior thigh muscles
(hamstrings, leg flexion). Just above the knee the Sciatic N. divides into the;
i. Tibial Nerve - posterior leg (plantar flexors) and sole
ii. Common Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve - to anterior and lateral muscles of leg
(dorsiflexors) and foot. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Midbrain (mesencephalon)
2. Pons (part of metencephalon)
3. Medulla Oblongata (Myelencephalon) |
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Term
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Definition
relay center for nervous input
* also responsible for many basic motor and reflex actions |
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Term
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Definition
| higher motor and sensory functions |
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Term
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Definition
Pyramids
Autonomic Nervous System Centers |
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Term
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Definition
bilateral ridges on ventral side of medulla oblongata
-- motor fibers
-- most of these axons decussate
* so in most instances, each side of brain controls opposite side of body |
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Term
| Autonomic Nervous System Centers |
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Definition
1. Cardiac Center: regulates heart rate
2. Vasomotor Center: constricts and dilates arterioles
3. Respiratory Center: regulates rate and depth of breathing |
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Term
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Definition
-- chiefly composed of nerve fiber tracts
A. Respiratory Centers: help control rate and depth of breathing
B. Upper Part of Fourth Ventricle:
-- continuous with cerebral aqueduct |
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Term
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Definition
Corpora Quadrigemina
Cerebral Peduncles
Cerebral (Mesencephalic) Aqueduct |
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Term
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Definition
-- right and left hemispheres, connected by the vermis
1. Coordinates and "fine tunes" voluntary skeletal muscle movement
2. Maintains balance and posture |
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Term
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Definition
provides buoyency for brain and spinal cord
made in ventricles of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| major autonomic region of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
the cerebrum
* encircles diencephalon
* higher brain functions |
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Term
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Definition
* posterior portion of diencephalon
* Pineal gland (Pineal body): appears to regulate the body's clock
** produces melatonin |
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Term
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Definition
* two egg-shaped masses of gray matter, covered with white matter
* Major function: processing center for all sensory impulses running to cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
* pituitary gland extends from it
* Major function: center for controlling autonomic (visceral, involuntary) and endocrine (hormonal) activity |
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Term
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Definition
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Insula |
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Term
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Definition
A. Motor Speech Area
B. Primary Motor Cortex
C. Other areas responsible for concentration, personality, decision making, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
A. Primary Somatosensory Cortex
** receives sensory input from skin, muscles, joints
B. Wernicke's Area
** speech comprehension area |
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Term
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Definition
A. Primary Auditory Cortex
* works with other areas in temporal lobe to interpret/distinguish sounds
* stores auditory memories
B. Wernicke's area |
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Term
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Definition
A. Primary Visual Cortex:
* works with other areas in the occipital lobe to distinguish and interpret visual images |
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Term
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Definition
a specialized dendritic ending of a sensory neuron. Converts a sensory stimulus to a nerve
impulse. |
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Term
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Definition
Exteroceptors
Visceroceptors
Proprioceptors |
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Term
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Definition
near surface of body
* stimuli from outside environment
* some are cutaneous receptors
* special senses (sight, smell, taste, hearing, balance) |
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Term
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Definition
| * stretch receptors in smooth muscle of blood vessels and viscera |
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Term
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Definition
| provides information about muscles, joints and tendons |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nerve roots below conus medullaris |
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Term
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Definition
| strand of pia mater from conus medullaris to coccyx |
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Term
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Definition
a. Dura Mater
b. Arachnoid Mater
c. Pia Mater |
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Term
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Definition
| bundles of myelinated nerve fibers called funiculi |
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Term
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Definition
| nerve cell bodies, unmyelinated nerve fibers, supporting cells, and association neurons) |
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Term
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Definition
Bundles of nerve fibers that run in the spinal cord
1. Ascending tracts: sensory fibers
2. Descending tracts: motor fibers |
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Term
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Definition
Bundles of nerve fibers that run in the spinal cord
1. Ascending tracts: sensory fibers
2. Descending tracts: motor fibers |
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