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Lecture 10
Muscle Histology
27
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/30/2010

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Term
muscle functions
Definition
-motion
-posture (for soft tissues)
-maintain body temperature
Term
skeletal muscle
Definition
-long multinucleated
-striations
-muscles of limbs
Term
smooth muscle
Definition
-long cells containing one nucleus
-found in GI tract and walls of blood vessels
Term
cardiac muscle
Definition
-uni nucleated branching cells arranged end to end
Term
endomysium
Definition
-loose CT which covers individual muscle fibers
Term
perimysium
Definition
surrounds bundles of muscle fibers (fascicles)
Term
epimysium
Definition
-surrounds bundles of muscle fibers
-covers entire muscle
Term
fascia
Definition
CT that binds several muscle groups together
Term
tendons
Definition
-dense CT
-muscle to bone
Term
aponeurosis
Definition
-dense CT
-thin, tendonous sheet
-muscle to bone
Term
sarcoplasm
Definition
cytoplasm
Term
sarcolemma
Definition
cell membrane
Term
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Definition
-smooth ER
-stores Ca+ and releases during contraction
Term
t-tubule
Definition
-tube like extension of sarcolemma which transmits nerve impulse to SR throughout cell
Term
myofibril
Definition
cylindrical unit which run entire length of muscle fiber "contractile organelles)
Term
myofilament
Definition
-found in myofibrils
-actin and myosin
Term
myoglobin
Definition
iron containing pigment
Term
sarcomere
Definition
repeating functional unit composed of myofilaments
Term
I band
Definition
-light band
-actin
Term
A band
Definition
-dark band
-actin and myosin
Term
H band
Definition
myosin
Term
sliding filament theory
Definition
-actin slides inward
-myosin remains stationary
-initiated by ACH
Term
motor unit
Definition
-motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls
-the more precise, the smaller the unit
Term
Red Slow Twitch Fibers
Definition
-high myoglobin (for oxygen storage/distribution)
-aerobic
-many mitochondria
-highly vascular
-fatigue resistant
-contract slowly for long periods
-ex. posture muscles
Term
White Fast Twitch Muscles
Definition
-large glycogen reserves
-anaerobic
-powerful contraction
-fatigue quickly
-ex. throwing
Term
isotonic
Definition
tension develops and remains stable as muscle shortens and movement occurs
Term
isometric
Definition
-tension develops with muscle contraction
-muscle doesn't shorten, no movement occurs
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