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Lecture 1 Professor Thakur
Pharmacology/Medicinal Chem (Thakur)
28
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
09/16/2009

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Term
ADMET
Definition
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, Toxicity
Term
Structure-activity relationship (SAR)
Definition
Modifying the effect of bioactive compounds to test their effect
Term
Stronger Bond =
Weaker Bond =
Definition
Longer time in binding -> Inc. Duration of action
Term
Strongest intermolecular bonds
Definition
Ionic
Term
Hydrogen Bond occurs
Definition
N and O
Term
Van der waals occur between ____ regions
Definition
hydrophobic
Term
Dipole-Dipole vs Ion-Dipole
Definition
Dipole-dipole is partial charge attracted to partial charge.

Ion-dipole is charge attracted to a partial charge.
Term
Induced dipole movement occurs in
Definition
Aromatic rings (with quatenary ammonium ion)
Term
Alkanes is capable of what type of bonding?
Definition
Only van der waal (immisscible in water)
Term
Alkane chemically stable in vivo vs in vitro
Definition
In vivo - Usually stable
In vitro - Usually stable
Term
Alkane's solubility with
a) water
b) nonpolar
Definition
a) none
b) yes
Term
Alkene
In vivo
In Vitro
Definition
In vivo - stable
In vitro - prone to oxidation --> peroxidation
Term
Alkene soluble in
a) water
b) non polar?
Definition
a) no
b) yes
Term
Hydration, epoxidation, peroxidation, reduction
Definition
Hydration -Addition of water to double bond
Epoxidation - removal of DB to form epox
Peroxidation-removal of DB to form O-O
Reduction - Removal of double bond C-C
Term
Cycloalkanes
Characteristic
Stability in vitro/vivo
Solubility in polar/nonpolar
Definition
a) flammable
b) stable and inert
c) Lipophilic, hydrophobic
Term
Aromatic Hydrocarbon
1. Name them
2. Characteristic
3. Form peroxide even though DB?
4. Metabolism?
5. Solubility
5.
Definition
1. Benzene, naphthalene, antrhacene, phenanthrene
2. Flammable
3. No
4. Aromatic hydroxylation
5. van der waal (not water soluble)
Term
Metabolism of aromatic hydrocarbons
Definition
1. Hydroxylation -OH
2. conjugation -OSH3 or Glucuronide conjugate
Term
Halogens
1. Bond interaction
2. Solubility
3. Increase in Haolgens =?
4. In vitro/ In vivo
5. Effect on halflife
Definition
1. Van der waal
2. Lipophilic, poor solubility in water
3. Less flammable, more lipophilic, more toxic
4. Stable in both, but hard to get rid of in the body because lipophillic and thus increase toxicity.
5. Increases half life
Term
Alcohol
1. Bond Interaction
2. Solubility
3. In vivo / in vitro
Definition
1. Hydrogen, permanent dipole
2. Water soluble
3. Primary ->aldehyde -> acetic acid
2ndary -> ketone
Tertiary stable in vivo
In Vitro - Stable
Term
Metabolism of Alcohol
Definition
1. Metabolized by P450 abdAlcohol dehydrogenase. Primary -> aldehyde -> acetic acid
2. Conjugation
Term
Phenol
1. Acidity vs cyclohexanol
2. Bonding
3. Na + K increase/decrease solubility
4. Heavy metal +/- solubility
5. Treating phenol salt with acid will
Definition
1. Mildly acidic, cyclohex = neutral
2. H bonds IN ADDITION to ion-dipole
3. Increase
4. Decrease
5. regenerate phenol
Term
Stability of phenol in vitro
Definition
Exposure to oxygen will form quinones (highly colored(
Term
Phenol metabolism
Definition
And phases
1. Hydroxylation (as with all aromatic)
2. Oxidized
3. Conjugation (name the 2?)
4. methylation
Term
Ethers
1. Solubility
2. In vitro/vivo
3.
Definition
1. poor water solubility
2. Vitro - peroxide forms
Vivo - stable
Term
Aldehydes + Ketones
1. Solubility
2. Vitro/Vivo
Definition
1. Water soluble (POLAR)
2. Vitro - Ketone Stable where as aldehyde is not (reacts with 02 to acid)
3.
Term
Aldehyde/Keton +Alcohol with acid =

Ketals/Acetals + acidic pH =
Definition
Hemiacetal/hemiketal + alcohol -> acetal/ketal

Convert back to ketones/aldehyde
Term
Metabolsim of aldehydes:
Definition
1. oxidation (mostly)
2. sometimes reduction to alcohol
Term
Amines
1. Roles (2)
2. Strength of H bond vs O
3. Solubilty of primary, secondary, tert
4. EDG vs EWG and effect on amines
Definition
1. Solubilize the drug to free base or water soluble salt of amine
2. Weaker
3. Prim > Sec > Tert
4. EDG +basicity - acidity
EWG +acidity - basicity
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