Term
| What is the central dogma for DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are all the types of RNA? Which ones are only found in prokaryotes? |
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Definition
| mRNA tRNA rRNA (in prokaryotes) hnRNA and snRNA (in eukaryotes only) |
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Term
| What is the function of mRNA? |
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Definition
| It is the messenger - it codes for proteins |
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Term
| What is the function of tRNA? |
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Definition
It TRANSFERS amino acids to the ribosome
- the "adapter" between amino acids and mRNA |
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Term
| What is the function of rRNA? |
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Definition
- structural component of RIBOSOMES
- catalyzes protein synthesis |
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Term
| What is sense mRNA and how does it work? |
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Definition
- It is transcribed complementary and antiparallel to the template strand
- is the same sequence as non-template strand (except U replaces T)
- is the order of the amino acid sequence in the transcribed protein |
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Term
| When a DNA sequence is written as a single strand, what does it signify? |
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Definition
The coding strand (non-transcribed strand)
- equals the sequence of transcribed RNA |
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Term
| In a DNA sequence, which strand is the coding strand? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a DNA sequence, which strand is the DNA template strand? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what direction is RNA always synthesized? |
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Definition
| In the 5' to 3' direction |
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Term
| True or False: Both strands can act as the template for a particular gene |
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Definition
| False: only one strand can act as a template ("the template strand"; 3'-5') |
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Term
| What is the Pribnow box (-35 consensus sequence)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the promoter(-10 consensus sequence)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does RNA Polymerase require a primer? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: RNA Polymerase (RNAP) uses rNTPs to synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction |
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Definition
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Term
| How does RNA Polymerase know which rNTP to use? |
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Definition
| It is specified by the template strand |
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Term
| How many RNA polymerases are in prokaryotes vs in eukaryotes? |
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Definition
| Only 1 in prokaryotes; 3 in eukaryotes |
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Term
| What are the subunits of RNA polymerase? |
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Definition
| α (alpha), β (beta), β' (beta primed), σ (sigma) |
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Term
| What two components make up the holoenzyme of RNA Polymerase, and what subunits make up each? |
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Definition
| The core enzyme (α2, β, β') and the σ factor (σ subunit) |
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Term
| Which part of RNA polymerase is responsible for promoter recognition? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does RNA polymerase get positioned close to the +1 nucleotide (A, where transcription begins)? |
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Definition
| σ factor binds the -35 and -10 sequence on non-template strand, positioning RNA polymerase |
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Term
| What does the RNA polymerase core enzyme do? |
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Definition
| It elongates the RNA transcript |
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Term
| Either a Rho-_________ or a Rho-__________mechanism can cause termination |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: The coding strand is also the template strand |
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Definition
False
Template strand = NON-coding strand
Coding strand = NON-template strand |
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Term
| What are the steps of transcription? |
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Definition
Initiation
Elongation
Termination |
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Term
| What are Rho-independent terminators? |
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Definition
| G:C rich inverted repeats, followed by ~6 As on the template strand |
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Term
| How do Rho-independent terminators cause termination? |
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Definition
| They cause the formation of a hairpin structure (result of transcription of inverted repeat sequence) which slows RNA polymerase, and causes the RNA transcript to disengage |
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Term
| True or False: Transcription and Translation are ONLY coupled in Prokaryotes |
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Definition
| True, the two processes are not physically separated as they are in eukaryotes |
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Term
| How does Rho-dependent termination occur? |
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Definition
| Rho-‐dependent termination requires the binding of the rho protein to a specific sequence near the 3’ end of the RNA followed by its movement towards the polymerase causing it to disengage |
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