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Definition
polarized: side that faces "inside" (basolateral membrane-- toward the blood) and side that faces "outside"(apical membrane)
basement membrane- runs along the basal part of the membrane
have tight junctions-- prevent stuff from moving from one side to the other. when there is a break at a tight junction blood can cross to the outside (ie. when you get a cut)
FUNCTION: covers entire surface, protects underlying tissue, specialized junctions (tight junctions), secretion, absorption, protective
TYPES: Squamous, cuboidal, columnar |
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Definition
epithelial tissue-- flat cells with an irregular flattened shape
stratified squamous: mucous membranes lining the inside of the mouth, the esophagus, part of rectum
simple squamous: open to outside body cavities, one cell layer-- lungs (alveoli) |
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epithelial tissue- shaped like a cube, nuclei of cells located near the center
simple cuboidal- kidney-- collecting duct (secretion) |
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epithelial tissue- taller than they are wide, nucleus close to base of cells
simple columnar: small intestine (absorption) |
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specialized adjoining junctions between epithelial cells
link between cells, prevents outside from readily communicating with the inside (blood side)
break in tight junction is only way blood is able to cross to the outside (like when you get a cut) |
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Definition
involved in structure and support, hold you together (neck, knees, etc)
TYPES: structural, sequestering, defensive |
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Definition
type of connective tissue-- fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteocytes are cells producing structural tissue
EXAMPLES: bone, cartilage, loose and fibrous connective tissues (osteocytes, chondrocytes, fibroblasts)
Fibroblasts: secrete important proteins- collagen/elastin (skin)
collagen fibers- series of protein twisted over several structural levels to make a very strong cable (25% of body is collagen)
elastin- an elastic protein that can be stretched and relaxed
bones: living tissues with a blood supply. have osteoblasts (secrete bone matrix) and osteoclasts (erode bone matrix) |
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Definition
connective tissue that includes adipose (fat) tissue and red blood cells
blood is a connective tissue consisting of cells and plasma, all blood cells come from 1 stem cell (PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS) from bone marrow-- constantly makes/destroys red blood cells
red blood cells- last ~3months/90days |
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Definition
connective tissue that includes white blood cells
defensive against outside invaders
macrophages, lymphocytes, mast cells |
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Definition
1. inner cell mass of early embryonic human blastocysts
2. endogenous (adult) stem cells isolated from tissues (eg. blood marrow, fat tissue, intestinal epithelia)
3. umbilical cord blood of newborn infant (can take blood from chord and store it to be used as stem cells later) |
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| connective tissue diseases |
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Definition
-vitamin c- scurvy: defective collagen synthesis
-vitamin d- Ca2+ absorption and normal bone growth, osteomalacia: Ca2+ deficiency--rickets
-vitamin a- normal bone growth
-osteoporosis- loss of bone mineral, esp. in aged/postmenopausal women
**-Ehler-Danlos syndrome- hereditary defect of collagen synthesis, very flexible joints "india rubber man"
**-Osteogenesis Imperfecta- improper development of more rigid collagenous structure, tendons thin and subject to rupture
**hereditary |
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Definition
possess proteins of contraction: actin/myosin
TYPES: skeletal, smooth, cardiac |
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muscle tissue
voluntary muscles of the body, highly organized filaments
eg. muscles you think of when you go to the gym/lift things |
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muscle tissue, earliest form, found throughout animal kingdom
muscle that you cannot control, found in lining of digestive tract and blood vessels
told to contract by an involuntary center in your brain |
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muscle tissue
involuntary, able to generate its own contractile pacemaker (can be modified by info from the brain)
highly adapted as a pump |
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actin, myosin
proteins that allow muscle tissues to contract |
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Definition
cells of nervous tissue able to become excited, conduct a message, transmit the message to the next cell in the circuit
important for communication, control of all the body's functions
COMPOSITION: neurons and support cells
NEURONS: dendrites, body, axon |
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Definition
digestive- eating food and transporting pieces to the blood
cardiovascular- blood circulation for oxygen and nutrient delivery and waste removal
respiratory- takes oxygen from the atmosphere and delivers it to red blood cells in the blood
excretory- removes waste from the blood and deposits it outside the body
endocrine- chemical signaling system for various processes
reproductive- system to make gametes and develop progeny
*skeletal- structural system
muscular- allows locomotion, circulation, digestion
nervous- receives sensory info and responds to environment
immune- protects body from invading viruses and organisms
*integumentary- skin, protective barrier from outside world
*don't need to know much about |
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Term
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Definition
principle of maintaining/regulating the internal environment when something changes
interaction between organ systems maintains constancy
ex. body temperature--b/c all proteins optimized to work at 37 degrees, if moves too far away...proteins can denature-- body overheats:sweat, body too cold: shiver
Negative Feedback: mechanism of Homeostasis--doing something that will eventually turn it "off" |
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