Term
|
Definition
| Does not elicit a response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Occurs when the NS is presented jsut before the UCS with an overlap
It produced the strongest conditioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When the NS is presented and then disappears before
The UCS appears
moderatly strong conditioning |
|
|
Term
| Simultaneous Conditioning |
|
Definition
Occurs when the UCs and NS are together
weak conditioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The UCS comes before the NS
produces no conditioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning that involves a harmful stimulus or reinfroce |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
After the CS is shown and the UCS does not occur
so the CR is not elicited. However, months later, the
CS elicits the CR, known as spontaneous recovery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When stimuli similar to CS also elicits the CR
Ex) if albert has a fear of mice, he might also
be afraif of a furry white rabbit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs when only the CS produces the CR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Occurs when a well-learned CS is paied with an NS to produce a CR to the NS
- the old CS acts as a UCS
- Becuase the UCS is not innate, the new CRÂ is not strong
- Ex) if you taught your dog to salivate to a bell, then flashed a light just before you rang your bell, your dog could learn to salivate to the light without ever having food associated to it.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an active subject voluntarily emites behaviors and can learn new behaviors
- Both positive and negative reinforcement increase or strength desired behaviors
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decreases the likelihood of the undesirable behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a more probable behavior can be used as a reinforce for a less probable one |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
takes away an aversive or unpleasant consequence after a behavior has been given
- Avoidance: behavior takes away the stimulus before it even begins
- Escape behavior: takes away the aversive stimulus after it had happened
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a response by the learner is followed by taking away something of value to the learned
- Ex) Children get time out until the behavior is changed
|
|
|
Term
| Instrumental Conditioning |
|
Definition
E.L. Thorndike
his law of effect states that behaviors followed by satisfying or positive consequences are strengthen while behaviors followed by annoying or negative consequences are weakened |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Change in environment that elicits a response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary reinforcers: food water
Secondary reinforcers: something neural, when associated with primary reinforcers, it becomes rewarding
Generalized reinforcer: Money because it could be traded
Token economy: tokens are given to desired behavior and tokens can be used for other things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reinforcing close approximations of the desired behavior
- Eventually creates the desired behavior
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reward for a sequence of behaviors that eventually lead up to the desired behavior. Then later only rewarding for the final desired behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| schedule that provides reinforcement every time the behavior is emitted by the person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reinforce the desired behavior after a specific number of responses have been made
- every three times a rat presses a lever, it gets food
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reinforce the first desired response made after a specific length of time results in a lots of behavior as the time for reinforcement approaches, but little behavior until the next time for reinforcements approaches
Ex) the teacher gives a test, the student will study the night before not after |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the number of responses needed before reinforcement occurs changes at random around an average
- Slot machines, the more you play the higher the chances
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the amount of tiem that elapses before reinfrocement of the behavior changes
Ex) your teacher gives pop quizes, so you study every night |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| classical conditioning is based on the assocation in time of the CS prior to the UCS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning the absence of rewards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all of a sudden you figured out the answer to a solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning that occurs by watching the behavior of a model |
|
|
