Term
| Habituation vs Dishabituation |
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Definition
Habituation: decrease in response to a stimulus after it has become familiar.
Dishabituation: increase in response when a new stimulus is presented after a familiar stimulus.
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Term
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Definition
Association between stimuli.
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Term
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Definition
US: food
UR: salivation
(biological reflex, independent of learning)
After food and neutral stimulus (bell) are repeatedly paired together;
CS: bell
CR: salivation, |
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Term
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Definition
Product of classical conditioning.
Association expands to similar stimuli.
eg. Little Albert- phobia |
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Term
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Definition
Responding only to specific stimuli.
To stop generalisation |
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Term
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Definition
Unlearning
Repeated presentation of US without CS- gradual so not forgetting.
Spontaneous Response: CS presented after extinction elicits a response |
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Term
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Definition
Contiguity: optimum time by which CS must precede US.
Contingency: CS needs to be informative about upcoming US- assciation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A spontaneous behaviour followed by a type of reinforcement which will change the likelihood of it reoccurring. |
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Term
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Definition
THORNDIKE
-Positive consequence (positive/negative reinforcement) increases chances of B. reoccuring.
-Negative consequence (positive/negative punishment) or no consequence will decrease chances of B. reoccuring. |
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Term
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Definition
Reinforcement doesn't occur in every trial.
·Ratio schedule: after a set number of responses.
·Interval schedule: after a set amount of time.
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Term
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Definition
Skinner's box: rats rewarded if right response- spontaneously got response. Would learn.
.Classical conditioning: Behaviour elicited by environment.
.Operant conditioning: Behaviour originates internally |
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Term
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Definition
Learning is aquiscition of new knowledge, not a change in behaviour.
Latent learning
Rats first placed in maze without reward. After a few days food was presentedThey found the food easily- evidence of earlier learning. Food just a motivation for particular B.
Mental Map: mental representation of spatial layout. |
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Term
| Applications of operant cond. |
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Definition
-Depression: learned helplessness- lack of control
-Addiction: negative reinforcement
-Gambling: variable reinforcement
-ABA: treatment for autism- rewards small steps in B change towards goal. |
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Term
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Definition
Vicarious
Mirror Neurons: fire when performing and observing a behaviour
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Term
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Definition
Ability of brain to change structure and function in response to environment.- how responses are conditioned.
-Presynaptic facilitation: more NT released due to CS at end of training.
-Long-term potentiation: link between neurons- A repeatedly activates B, increasing Bs sensitivity to A. |
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