Term
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Definition
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Definition
| A response and its consequences |
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Term
| Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) |
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Definition
| Stimulus that unconditionally-automatic and naturally- triggers a response |
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| Unconditioned Reponse (UCR) |
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Definition
| unlearned, naturally occuring reponse to the unconditioned stimulus |
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| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) |
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Definition
| Originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an UCS, comes to trigger a CS |
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| Conditioned Response (CR) |
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Definition
| learned response to a previous netural conditioned stimulus |
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Definition
| the initial stage in classical conditioning. the phase assocaiting an NS with an UCS so that the NS comes to ellicit a CR |
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Definition
| after extinction, a response will suddenly reappear |
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| A behaviour that speads from one situation to another similar one |
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Definition
| The reverse of generalization. Some stimuli have pleasant consequences and some do not |
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Definition
| Associate better with taste |
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Definition
| associate better with pain |
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Definition
| type of learning in which behavior is strengthed if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by punishment |
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Definition
| principles that behaviours followed by favourable consequences becomes more likely, behaviours followed by unfavourable consequences become less likely |
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Definition
| Operates (acts) on environment. produces a consequence |
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Definition
| occurs as an automatic response to stimulus behavious learned thorugh classical conditioning |
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Definition
| successively closer version of a desired response are reinforced |
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Definition
| each part of a sewuence is reinforeced, the different parts are put together into a whole |
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Definition
| a consequence that adds a stimulus to strengten behaviour |
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Definition
| a consequence that removse an aversive stimulus to strengthen behavious |
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Definition
| unlearned and usually necessary for surivival |
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Definition
| anything htat comes to represent a primary reinforcer such as praise. also called conditioned reinforcer |
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Definition
| to our detriment, small but immedaite reinforcements are somtimes more alluring than big, but delayed reinforcements |
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Term
| Continuous Reinforcements |
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Definition
| reinforcing the desired response each time it occurs |
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Term
| Partial (intermittent) Reinforcement |
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Definition
reinforcing a response only part of the time.
slower acquisition but resistent to extinction |
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Term
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Definition
spedific amount
numer of responses before reward |
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Definition
Unknown amount
number of responses |
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Definition
| reinforces a response only after specified number of responses. faster you resond the more rewards you get. Different ratios. High rate of responding |
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Definition
| Reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses. Avgerage ratio. Very hard to distinguish because of unpredictability |
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Definition
| Reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed. Response occurs more frequently as the anticipated time for the reward draws near |
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Definition
| Reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals. Produces slow steady responding |
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Definition
| Any consequence (usually aversive) that would decrease behaviour. Powerful controller of unwanted behaviour |
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Definition
| Emphasizes abstract and subtle learning that couldn't be achieved through conditioning or social learning alone |
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Definition
| some learning is not intentional, but occurs almost accidentally. Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there's an incentive to demonstrate it |
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Definition
| Desire to perform behaviour for its on sake and to be effective |
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Definition
| Desire to perform a behaviour due to promised rewards or threats of punishments |
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Definition
| the effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do. The person may now see the reward, rather than the intrinsic interests as the motivation for the task |
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Term
| Albert Bandura/Social Learning Theory |
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Definition
| Learning by observing and imitating others |
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Definition
| Environment causes behaviour, behaviour causes environment; the world and a person's behaviour cause one another |
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Definition
| Process of observing and imitating a specific behaviour |
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| Prosocial (good) Behaviour |
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Definition
| Positive, constructive, helpful behaviour. Opposite of Antisocial behaviour |
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Term
Four Steps in Modeling
A:
R:
R:
M: |
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Definition
A: Attention
R: Retention
R: Reproduction
M: Motivation |
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Definition
| If you are going to learn anything, you have to be paying attention to it |
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Definition
| You must remember what you have paid attention to |
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Definition
| Translating the images into actual behaviour |
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Definition
| You will not do anything unless you are motivated to imitate it |
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Term
Motives:
1. Past Reinforcement
2. Promised Reinforcements
3. Vicarious Reinforcements |
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Definition
1. Traditional behaviourism
2. incentives that we can imagine; could also be threats on the negative side
3. Seeing and recalling the model being reinforced |
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Term
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Definition
Controlling our own behaviour in 3 steps
1. Self-observation
2. Judgement: we compare with the standard
3. Self-response: Own form of reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. May enable imitation, language, learning and empathy |
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