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Learning to Write Theories
Stages, key terms and their theorists
4
English
Not Applicable
12/12/2011
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Term
Kroll (1981)
 Definition
Stages of Writing Development:
1) Preparatory stage (approx 4-7)
Basic motor skills - i.e. recognising letters.
2) Consolidation stage (approx 7-9)
Begin to use writing; similar to spoken language they have learned. Usually strings of clauses linked by 'and'.
3) Differentiation stage (9+)
Written language begins to diverge away from spoken language. New standards and frameworks are being learned, and writing is more developed. They learn to draft, revise and edit.
4) Integration stage (14+)
Good command of language, grasp of writing conventions and complex lexical choices. Mistakes can still be made, but language develops throughout adult life.
Term
Barclay (1996)
 Definition
Stages of Writing Development:
1) Scribbling
2) Mock Handwriting
3) Mock Letters
4) Conventional Letters
5) Invented Spelling
6) Appropriate Spelling
7) Correct Spelling
Term
Rothery (1984)
 Definition
Framework for Categorising and Evaluating Children's Writing:
1) Observation/Comment
2) Observation
3) Recount
4) Report
5) Narrative
Term
Gentry
 Definition
Developmental Stages of Spelling:
1) Exploration - pre-letter writing, symbols/numbers, repetition of familiar letters, random sight words, etc.
2) Semiphonetic - random spaces in writing, letter-sound correspondence, fairly easy to read.
3) Phonetic - vowels are omitted when not heard, quick writing, words space correctly, directionality, etc.
4) Transitional - vowels appear in every syllable, correct prefixes/suffixes, inflectional endings like '-ing' are used, common letter sequences, etc.
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