Term
|
Definition
| a relatively permanent change in behavior. potential to make a response that occurs as a result from an experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| improvement of muscle or nerve tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pavlov's dog. linking a neutral stimulus to an unconditioned response. the neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus, and the final product is the conditioned response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of learning in which the consequences of an organism's behaviour determine whether it will be repeated in the future |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| with the dog and the bell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bell (unconditioned stimulus) causes fear (unconditioned response), Watson linked the US to rabbits / furry animals (conditioned stimulus). Child becomes afraid of animals (conditioned response) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| doesnt depend on previous experience to cause a response (food) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| natural reaction to the unconditioned stimulus (Salivating) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| otherwise meaningless stimulus linked to unconditioned response through experience(bell / that was easy button) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| producing the unconditioned response because of the conditioned stimulus (flinching because of that was easy button / salivating for bell) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
repeated pairings of us and cs, attempting to create association
(trace / delay / simultaneous / backward conditioning) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of conditioned response over time (repeated CS without US) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extinguished CR returns after no training |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conditioned response generated by stimuli similar to conditioned stimulus (little albert and fuzzy things) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimuli similar to conditioned stimulus do NOT create conditioned response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behavior is instrumental in producing environmental change that then affects behavior |
|
|
Term
| Thorndike's law of effect |
|
Definition
| behaviors encouraged when followed by rewarding consequences. behaviors discouraged when followed by punishing consequences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pioneer of Instrumental Learning. influence behavior by controlling consequences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reinforcement of successive approximations of a behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| informs subject that reward/punishment is available |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
desired/appetitive stimulus follows behavior
improves likelihood of repeated behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
undesired / aversive stimulus removed / eliminated following behavior
improves likelihood of repeated behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leads to fastest learning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| different reinforcement schedules lead to different learning and performance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reinforce the first response after a fixed-time interval has elapsed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| positive / negative. encouraging behavior |
|
|
Term
| fixed-ratio reinforcement |
|
Definition
| reinforce a response after a specified number of nonreinforced responses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reinforce the first response after a variable-time interval has elapsed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reinforce a response after a variable number of nonreinforced responses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learned because it happened to be followed by a reinforcer, even though this behavior was not the cause of the reinforcer. (no actual cause-effect relationship, but believed to exist) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning that occurs without apparent reinforcement and is not demonstrated until sufficient reinforcement is provided |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the passive resignation produced by repeated exposure to aversive events that cannot be avoided |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social learning theory & bobo doll experiment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning the consequences of an action by observing its consequences for someone else |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people learn social behaviors mainly through observation and cognitive processing of information, rather than through direct experience. (anti-behaviorism?) |
|
|
