Term
|
Definition
| a rule that states under what conditions a reinforcer will be delivered. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a reinforcement schedule that delivers a reinforcer after every occurrence of a specific response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A simple mechanical device that records responses in a way that plots time on the horizontal axis and cumulative responses on the vertical axis. It allows the observer to see at a glance the moment-to-moment patterns of a subject's behaviour. (constructed by Skinner) |
|
|
Term
| Fixed Ratio (FR) Schedule |
|
Definition
| a reinforcement schedule that delivers a reinforcer after a fixed number of responses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pause in responding that usually occurs after each reinforcer in a fixed-ratio schedule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a general weakening of responding that is found when a fixed-ratio schedule requires a very large number of responses. |
|
|
Term
| Variable Ratio (VR) Schedule |
|
Definition
| A reinforcement schedule that delivers a reinforcer after a variable and unpredictable number of responses. |
|
|
Term
| Fixed Interval (FI) Schedule |
|
Definition
| a reinforcement schedule in which the first response after a fixed amount of time has elapsed is reinforced. |
|
|
Term
| Variable Interval (VI) Schedule |
|
Definition
| a reinforcement schedule in which reinforcers become available after variable and unpredictable time intervals. Once a reinforcer becomes available, a single response is required to collect it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the degree to which a response continues when it is no longer reinforced. |
|
|
Term
| Partial Reinforcement Effect |
|
Definition
| The finding that responses are more rapidly extinguished after continuous reinforcement than after a schedule of intermittent reinforcement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Another name for the partial reinforcement effect or the seemingly paradoxical finding that a response that is only intermittently reinforced is more resistant to extinction than a response that is reinforced every time it occurs. |
|
|
Term
| Discrimination Hypothesis |
|
Definition
| An explanation of the partial reinforcement effect which states that the rate of decrease in responding depends on how quickly the subject can discriminate the change from reinforcement to extinction. |
|
|
Term
| Generalization Decrement Hypothesis |
|
Definition
| An explanation of the partial reinforcement effect, which states that responding during extinction will be rapis if the stimuli present during extinction are different from those that occurred during reinforcement, but slow if the stimuli are similar to those that occurred during reinforcement. |
|
|
Term
| Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates (DRL) Schedule |
|
Definition
| a reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer is delivered is a certain amoubt of time has elapsed between two responses. |
|
|
Term
| Differential Reinforcement of High Rates (DRH) Schedule |
|
Definition
| a reinforcement schedule in which a reinforcer is delivered if a certain number of responses have occurred within a fixed amount of time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a situation in which two or more reinforcement schedules are available at the same time, each requiring its own responses and delivering its own reinforcers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of two or more reinforcement schedule that must be completed in a specific sequence before the reinforcer is delivered. Each schedule is signalled by a different stimulus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An operant behavior's resistance to change when the reinforcement conditions change (e.g. when free reinforcers are delivered, or when the schedule changes to extinction...) |
|
|
Term
| Contingency-Shaped Behavior |
|
Definition
| behavior that is controlled by the schedule of reinforcement or punishment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behavior that is controlled by a verbal or mental rule about how to behave. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a procedure in hich two or more reinforcement schedules are presented one at a time in an alternating pattern, and each schedule is signalled by a different discriminative stimulus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a theory of behavior that focuses on the moment-by-moment relationships between behaviors and their consequences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a theory of behavior that focuses on the long term relationships between behaviors and their consequences. |
|
|
Term
| Interresponse Time (IRT) Reinforcement Theory |
|
Definition
| the theory that responding is faster on VR schedules than on VI schedules because long IRTs (long pauses between responses) are more frequently reinforced on VI schedules. |
|
|
Term
| Response-Reinforcer Correlation Theory |
|
Definition
| the theory that responding is faster on VR schedules than on VI schedules, because faster responding leads to more reinforcers on VR schedules but not on VI schedules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a severe disorder that affects about 2 to 4 of every 10,000 children, usually appearing when a child is a few years old. Major symptoms include extreme social withdrawal and failure to learn language. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in behavior modification, a stimulus that makes a desires response very likely to occur, and is gradually removed as training proceeds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a behavior modification procedure in which a prompt for a desired behavior is gradually withdrawn, thereby teaching the learner to produce the nehavior without the prompt. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a behavior modification system, often used with groups of people in which each person can earn tokens by performing specific behaviors and can later exchange these tokens for a variety of primary reinforcers. |
|
|
Term
| Organizational Behavior Management |
|
Definition
| a field of applied behavior analysis that uses the principles of behavioral psychology to improve human performance in the workplace. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a written agreement used in behavior therapy that lists the duties (behaviors) requires of each party and the privilages (reinforcers) that will result if the duties are performed. |
|
|
