Term
| What are the four main types of pipeline failure? |
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Definition
pipeline corrosion and wear
operation outside of design limits
unintentional third party damage
intentional damage |
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Term
| What are the main reasons for pipeline corrosion? |
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Definition
Ignored mechanical pipeline changes occurring in the line
Products can be corrosive flowing through the pipeline
External atmospheric effects
Abrasive fluids and dust-laden gas streams
Anodic Condidtions |
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Term
| What are the cost of failing to detect leaks? |
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Definition
loss of life and property
direct cost of downtime and loss products
environmental cleanup cost
possible fines and legal suits |
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Term
| What are some methods for detecting pipeline leaks? |
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Definition
Using an odorant
Flow line balances
Detecting the sound caused by or associated with an leak.
acoustic "wave alert" monitor |
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Term
| What is a 'PIG' mean in terms of pipeline integrity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a "ILI" mean in terms of pipeline integrity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are PIG's frequently used for? |
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Definition
| Cleaning, dewaxing, filling, commissioning, batching, and pipe line monitoring. |
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Term
| What are the functions of computer based monitoring systems of a pipeline? |
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Definition
pig tracking
back tracking of fluid
inventory accounting
on line flow compensation
instrument data and malfunctional checking. |
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Term
| What is line pipe steel made out of? |
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Definition
| primarily comprised of iron with one to two percent alloy for strength and toughness (alloy is not included in the corrosion process) |
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Term
| What are the two types of line pipe corrosion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes external pipe line corrosion? |
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Definition
Environmental factors would be groundwater or moist soil for onshore pipelines and seawater for
offshore pipelines. |
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Term
| What causes internal pipe line corrosion? |
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Definition
the environment would be water containing sodium chloride
(salt), hydrogen sulfide, and/or carbon dioxide. The deterioration would be dissolution of the iron into the
environment, which reduces the strength of the pipeline. |
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Term
| What are some of the ways to prevent internal corrosion? |
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Definition
Dehydration
Inhibitors
Buffering
Coatings
Cleaning pigs
Biocides |
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Term
| What are the corrosion damage and assessment systems used? |
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Definition
In-line inspection (ILI)
Hydrostatic testing
Direct assessment (DA) |
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Term
| What do companies use now to coat the outside of the line-pipe? |
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Definition
| FBE or Fusion Bonded Epoxy |
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Term
| What is done to the gas extracted out of the ground to be sold? |
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Definition
| Once you gathered the natural gas and run it through a processing plant, it will be 98% methane. That is commercial or market grade natural gas. Now it meets the quality requirements to be ran through transmission pipelines. From there, you can use transmission lines to feed the gas into market areas. |
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Term
| What are the pipe sizes of the Gathering pipelines? |
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Definition
| 2 6 or 12 inches in diameter. |
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Term
| What are the diameter sizing of transmission pipelines and why? |
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Definition
| Transmission pipeline diameter ranges from 16-42 inches. They are that big since there are so many supply sources (well heads, pipelines, processing plants etc) |
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Term
| What do companies use to transmit natural gas in the transmission pipelines? What is the range of pressures? |
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Definition
| They use large mainline compressors and the range is from 200-1500 psi. As the gas moves along the pipeline systems, the pressure increases to keep the flow steady. |
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Term
| Where does the natural gas flow to after it reaches the market areas? Why? |
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Definition
| It flows to the least resistance. Because the highest pressures lie in the supply areas, and the lowest pressure areas is the point of consumption, the gas will travel to that area. |
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Term
| Briefly describe the laying of transmission pipeline. |
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Definition
1) A trench is dug
2) Pipe is welded together in 40 foot sections.
3) Cranes lay down the pipe in the trenches and then the pipe is covered in dirt. |
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Term
| How deep must a pipe be dug? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is the term "receipt" of a transmission pipeline mean? |
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Definition
| Sources of gas that goes through the transmission pipeline themselves. |
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Term
| What are some examples of "receipts" of a transmission pipeline? |
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Definition
Wellheads
CDP's (gathering systems)
Plants (residue lines)
Pipeline interconnects (interstate/intrastate)
Storage facilitates |
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Term
| What is a CDP (gathering system)? |
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Definition
| Multiple well are connected together to a central delivery point or CDP. |
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Term
| What are some examples of "deliveries" of a transmission pipeline? |
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Definition
LDC's
Direct-connect End-users
Pipeline interconnects (interstate/intrastate)
Storage facilities |
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Term
| What is a LDC(city gate)? |
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Definition
| Local distribution company. They receive natural gas from transmission pipeline company and the point at which the make the transaction is called a city gate. |
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Term
| What is the monitoring system used for transmission pipelines? Where does the data go? |
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Definition
SCADA
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
Gas Control center |
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Term
| What are some examples of methods of production? |
|
Definition
Horizontal drilling
Fracking
Compression
In-field drilling |
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Term
| What is the natural enemy of obtaining gas? |
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Definition
| Water and corrosive chemicals |
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Term
| What does ROW stand for? Why obtain acquisition? |
|
Definition
Right of way. A company obtains right of way to have
a. the legal right of someone to pass over another's land, acquired by grant or by long usage
b. the path or road used by this right |
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Term
|
Definition
| A machine used in the processing process |
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Term
| What must be done to natural gas to be put into an transmission pipeline? |
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Definition
| It must go through a processing plant to remove inert gases and contaminants. |
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Term
| What are the basic operations of a processing plant? |
|
Definition
1) Removes the "heavy" hydrocarbons
2) "Purify" the gas stream. |
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Term
| What does it mean to "purify" the gas stream in processing natural gas? |
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Definition
| To remove H20, H2S, CO2, N from the gas stream. |
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Term
| What are some of the processes to "purify" the gas stream in processing natural gas"? |
|
Definition
1) Nitrogen rejection
2) Glycol absorption
3) Amine treatment - sulphur extraction |
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Term
| What are some of the different types of processing plants? |
|
Definition
1) Simple Separator Towers
2) Cryogenic Towers
3) Straddle Plant |
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Term
| How does a cryogenic tower work in a processing plant? |
|
Definition
| Natural gas is ran through a process where it is cooled down dramatically. |
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Term
| What does an fractionator do in a processing plant? |
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Definition
| It separates the different NGL's from the gas stream. Propane,Butane, pentanes, Iso-butane, and ethane is separated to be pure. |
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Term
| Even though there are different types of processing plants, what is the main way that processing plants "clean up" NGL's? |
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Definition
| It is mostly through an condensation process. When you increase the pressure of something, you raise the temperature. Then by lower the pressure, that something cools down and condensation will occur. |
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Term
Interview Question
"How long are you willing to fail at this job before you succeed?" |
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Definition
| I plan to fail as quickly as possible so that you can learn from your mistakes and move on. |
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Term
Interview Question
"What are you most proud of in your career?" |
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Definition
| Graduation from college was my proudest achievement because I went through so much to finally achieve my goal, but I kept at it and never gave up. |
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Term
Interview Question
“What skills are you lacking?" |
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Definition
| Well I like to make sure my job is done to perfection, leading to me being an perfectionist. So now I prioritize my jobs so I can still be detail oriented but get the most important jobs done first. |
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Term
Interview Question
Which past manager has liked you the least, and what would this person tell me about you? |
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Definition
| Well I would say my supervisor at PTL. He would say that we had a good relationship, but we did not see eye to eye on certain issues. I thought he was an very intelligent person and insightful as well. |
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Term
Interview Question
"Tell me what you felt was unfair to you in your last job." |
|
Definition
| The implementation of having a truck given to me and benefits was hard to obtain. |
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Term
Interview Question
Why did PTL terminate you? |
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Definition
| Well they said I had poor performance but I qualified for unemployment because the judge said that was based off of false pretenses. |
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Term
| Where is ONEOK in the Fortune 500? |
|
Definition
| ONEOK is ranked 261 in the Fortune 500. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What are the capabilities of ONEOK in terms of the stuff they do? |
|
Definition
| They gather, process, transport, marketer and distributor NGL's |
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Term
| What is the number of carbon atoms associated with each hydrocarbon? (For Example-----methane) |
|
Definition
1 Methane
2 Ethane
3 Propane
4 Butane
5 Pentane
6 Hexane
7 Heptane
8 Octane
9 Nonane
10 Decane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.[ |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Natural gas and related services to local distribution companies, industrial customers and power generators. |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What safety and health inititatives does ONEOK employ? |
|
Definition
Live Smart
Expanding our behavior-based safety program
Expanding our safe-driving pilot study
Educate our 2 million natural gas distribution customers about natural gas safety |
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Term
| How many miles of transmission pipeline does ONEOK has? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many miles of gathering pipeline does ONEOK has? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are the three business segments does ONEOK has? |
|
Definition
| Distribution, Energy Services, ONEOK Partners |
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Term
| What are the three business segements does ONEOK Partners have? |
|
Definition
Natural Gas Gathering and Processing
Natural Gas Pipelines
Natural Gas Liquids |
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Term
| What are the federal regulations of crude oil pipelines? |
|
Definition
Interstate Commererce Act of 1887
Hephurn Act of 1906
FERC |
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