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Leadership Vocabulary
Chapter 4
27
Other
Undergraduate 1
03/16/2011

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Term
Personality
Definition
The set of unseen characteristics and processes that underlies a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, and people in the envirnment.
Term
Big Five Personality Dimensions
Definition
Five general dimensions that describe personality: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience.
Term
Extraversion
Definition
The degree to which a person is outgoing, sociable, talkative, and conforable meeting and talking to new people.
Term
Agreeableness
Definition
The degree to which a person is able to get along with others by being good-natured, cooperative, forgiving, compassionate, understanding and trusting.
Term
Conscientiousness
Definition
The degree to which a person is responsible, dependable, persistent and achievement-oriented.
Term
Emotional Stability
Definition
the degree to which a person is well-adjusted, calm and secure.
Term
Oppennes to Experience
Definition
The degree to which a person has a broad range of interest and is imaginative, creative and willing to consider new ideas.
Term
Locus of Control
Definition
Defines whether a person places the primary responsiblity for what happends to him or her within him/herself or on outside forces.
Term
Authoritarianism
Definition
Belief that power and status differences should exist in an organization.
Term
Values
Definition
Fundamental beliefs that an individual considers to be important, that are relatively stable over time, and that have an impact on attitudes and behavior.   
Term
End Values
Definition
Also know as terminal values. Beliefs about the kind of goals or outcomes that are worth trying to pursue.
Term
Instrumental Values
Definition
Beliefs about the types of behavior that are approprate for reaching goals.
Term
Perception
Definition
The process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information.
Term
Attitude
Definition
An evaluation - either positive or negative - about people, events or things.
Term
Self-Concept
Definition
The collection of attitudes we have about ourselves and includes the element of self-esteem, whether a person generally has positive or negative feelings abou himself/herself.
Term
Theory X
Definition
The assumption that people are basically lazy and not motivated to work and that they have a natural tendency to avoid responsibility.
Term
Theory Y
Definition
The assumption that people do not inherently dislike work and will commit themselves willingly to work that they care about.
Term
perceptual Distortions
Definition
Errors in perceptual judgment that arise from inaccuracies in any part of the perceptual process.
Term
Stereotyping
Definition
The tendency to assign an individual to a group or broad category (e.g., female, black, elderly, or male white disabled) and then to attribute widely held generalization about the group to the individual.
Term
Halo Effect
Definition
The perceiver develops an overall impression of a person or situation based on one characteristic, either favorable or unfavorable.
Term
Projection
Definition
The tendency of perceivers to see their own personal traits in oter peopl.
Term
Perceptual Defense
Definition
The tendency of perceivers to protect themselves against ideas, objects, or people that are threatening.
Term
Attribution Theory
Definition
How people explain the causes of events or behaviors.
Term
Fundamental Attribution Error
Definition

The tendency to underestimate te influences of external factors and overestimatete influence of internal factors.

 

 

Term
Self-Serving Bias
Definition
The tendency to overestimate the contribution of internal factors to success and overestimate the contribution of external factors to failures.
Term
Cognitive Style
Definition
How a person perceives, processes, interprets, and uses information.
Term
Whole Brain Concept
Definition
An approach that considers not only a person's preference for righ-brained versus left-brained thinking, but also conceptual versus experimental thinking: identifies four quadrants of the brain related to
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