Term
| Who leads when tasks are complex and uncertain? |
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Definition
-Goal is clear, but solution and strategy for achieving it are not
- Each member has specialized knowledge & skills, but few guidelines for determining whose are relevant and useful
-We look to formal leaders for motivation, but informal leaders can step up and take initiative to lead |
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Term
| Two approaches to leadership: |
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Definition
1. Task leadership style
2. Relational leadership style |
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Term
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Definition
Brainstorming
Who solves fastest or hast most difficulty? Why? |
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Term
| Task Leaders - Visionaries and Strategists |
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Definition
1. Defining and clarifying the vision or goal
2. Creating a strategy or action plan for achieving the vision/goal
3. Providing regular feedback |
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Term
| Relational Leaders - Coaches |
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Definition
1. Cultivating positive emotions
2. Encouraging participation |
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Term
| Relational Leaders: Benefits of Positive Emotions |
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Definition
-Resilience under adversity
- Positive emotions build
psychological and physical resources
- Creativity and innovation
- Positive emotions broaden thought-
action repertoires |
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Term
| Is Brainstorming Effective? |
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Definition
Most research suggests that brainstorming typically is not effective
- Employees produce lower quality and
quantity of ideas than when working
alone
Why? Costs of face-to-face brainstorming
-Production blocking: members take turns expressing their ideas
- Evaluation apprehension: anxiety about being judged by others |
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Term
| Brainstorming can provide benefits: |
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Definition
-skill variety for employees
-motivating effort through status competition
-challenging existing perspectives
-impressing customers (or other stakeholders) |
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Term
| More effective Brainstorming |
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Definition
submit ideas in writing first: reduces costs of production blocking
Make contributions anonymous: reduces costs of evaluation apprehension |
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Term
| Senior executives tend to... |
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Definition
-Dominate instead of encouraging everyone to participate and contribute
-Withhold ideas because they're worried about protecting their own egos
-spend too much time thinking and too little time acting, testing, experimenting. |
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Term
| Elementary school children tend to... |
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Definition
-Naturally create roles for everyone to contribute
-Dive right in without worrying about image and impressions
-Get absorbed in the tasks as "play" with very little ego involvement
-Collaborate and cooperate to find a solution |
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Term
| What is the optimal team size for a group task? |
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Definition
No greater than 5.
Why?
Beyond 5, exponential increases in:
-Coordination and communication difficulties
-Production blocking
-Social loafing, free riding, disengagement |
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