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LEADERS Physics - Chapter 3.2
Chapter 3.2 Oil Chemical Composition and Energy Content
29
Physics
Graduate
06/24/2010

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Term
What is the chemical composition of oil?
Definition
A complex mixture containing hundreds of different chemical compounds; these compounds are structually similar to each other
Term
What kind of compound is oil?
Definition
Hydrocarbon
Term
What are hydrocarbons composed of?
Definition
Hydrogen and carbon
Term
What are some elements found in oil?
Definition
hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen (0%-.5%), sulfur (0% - 6%), oxygen (0% - 3.5%) and some metals in trace amounts
Term
What are the three types of components in the chemical composition of oil?
Definition
Paraffin, Cycloparaffin, and aromatic groups
Term
In oil chemistry, what are the bonds that do not connect two carbon atoms attached to?
Definition
Hydrogen
Term
[image]
Definition
Draw Paraffin, Cycloparaffin, and Aromatic Chemical Composition
Term
What are the 3 combinations of hydrocarbons?
Definition
1. Paraffin hydrocarbons
2. Cycloparaffin hydrocarbons
3. Aromatic hydrocarbons
Term
What are paraffin hydrocarbons?
Definition
contains molecules composed only of paraffin groups
Term
What are cycloparaffin hydrocarbons?
Definition
Contains molecules composed of one or more cycloparaffin groups that may or may not be attached to paraffin groups
Term
What are aromatic hydrocarbons?
Definition
Contains molecules composed of one or more aromatic groups that may or may not be attached to cycloparaffin or paraffin groups
Term
What is cycloparaffin?
Definition
any of a series of saturated alicyclic hydrocarbons of the general formula CH, having a closed chain of three or more carbon atoms
Term
Are there large or small numbers of hydrocarbons in oil?
Definition
Large
Term
Why is the task of separating and identifying the various constituents quite difficult?
Definition
Since there are a large number of hydrocarbons.
Term
For the chemical composition, what was selected as being representative of US petroleum?
Definition
A mid-content crude oil from Ponca City, OK
Term
After using the best separation and identification techniques, how many hydrocarbons have been isolated from the sample and identified?
Definition
More than one hundred individual hydrocarbons
Term
Of the 175 hydrocarbons isolated, how many are in each group?
Definition
70 - paraffins
48 - cycloparaffins
57 - aromatics
Term
Of the compounds that occur in greatest abundance, what groups are they in?
Definition
All are parafins except for one cycloparaffin and one aromatic
Term
What are the most abundant types of hydrocarbons found in oil?
Definition
Paraffins
Term
What are the compounds that occur in greatest abundance in oil?
Definition
1. heptane
2. octane
3. hexane
4. nonane
5. decane
6. methylcyclohexane
7. undecane
8. dodecane
9. tridecane
10. 1 methyl 3 isopropyllbenzene
11. tetradecane
Term
The proportions in which the various molecules occur in oil varies considerably depending on what?
Definition
location
Term
What do the differences in the percentage of the various hydrocarbons influence?
Definition
the physical properties
Term
What is the energy content in typical molecules found in gasoline?
Definition
43 to 47 KJ/gram (Not much different from candlewax or candybars)
Term
What colors can hydrocarbons be?
Definition
pitch black, amber, brown, or green
Term
What can hydrocarbons smell like?
Definition
Some smell sweet or like turpentine while others have unpleasant odors usually caused by the presence of sulfur containing compounds
Term
What is heptane made of?
Definition
7 carbons & other hydrogens
Term
What is octane made of?
Definition
8 hydrocarbons and hydrogens
Term
What is nonane made of?
Definition
9 carbons and hydrogens
Term
What is decane made of?
Definition
10 carbons and hydrogens
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