Accommodation

For Piaget, the changes made to existing cognitive structures or schemes in order to understand new information or experiences.

Actor-observer bias

Adolescent "Storm and Stress"

The theory that adolescence is a time of considerable emotional turmoil (e.g. Hall 1904). Now largely believed to be untrue: While many adolescents do experience great emotional liability, they do not go through a period of profound emotional distress

structural(minuchin)

restructure, re-enactment, reframe, HW BOUNDARIES, subsystems, alliances/coalitions, mapping, joining/mimesis, parent executives

strategic(Haley)

POWER, paradoxical, prescribes symptoms, communication's theory, directives, ciruclar causality

Bowen (multi-generational)

neutral, differentiation, detriangulation, genogram, emotional cut-off/pseudo-differentiation

Systems

as in ecosystems, change impacts family system, Circular Questioning

Cog-B(Beck)

Cognitive = Thinking

Behavioral = Learning

distortions/faulty thinking, automatic thought, thoughts & emotions, thought stopping, triad=self, world, future

Object Relations :

(Psychodynamic)

past affects present, separation-individualtion, interpretation, splitting, transference

satir (experiential):

active/directive, congruent communication, authentic self, role play, family life chronology, sculpting, family games, maturation, shift IP (Carl Whitaker)

narrative:

strength based, separate client from problem or externalization, sparkling moments

solution-focused:

if it's not broke don't fix it, snow ball effect, miracle question, focus on positives & solutions, no absolute truth, scaling, externalization

existential (Gestalt) :

self-awareness, empty chair, here & now, "I" statements, impasse, top dog/underdog, resentment, I-thou

humanistic (Rogers):

unconditional positive regard, empathy, authenticity, self-actualization

schizophrenia

-overt psychotic features

ex. hallucinations, delusions (HALDOL BENDER mnemonic)

-onset before age 4

-symptoms persists min. 6 mos.

schizophreniform

-similar to schizophrenia except duration less than 6 mos.

-differentiate Brief Psychotic Disorder, which does not present characteristic psychotic symptoms found in active phase of schizophrenia

schizoaffective

-schizophrenia with mood;

Major Depressive or manic syndrome

schizotypal

-personality disorder

-magical/odd thoughts

-differentiate schizophrenia.

It is not as severe & lacks an acute psychotic phase

schizoid

-"zoid" reminds me of a robot

-personality disorder

-LONER,  absence of warm feelings of others

-differentiate Avoidant Personality Disorder, which is more timid (seeks relationships, fear of rejections) than Loner (no desire of relationship)

manic episode (ME)

BP1 = 1 + ME or Mix Ep. Must have manic epsiode to be considered BP1

-way out there & clinging to tip of iceburg

-1 + wk of sxs

-3 + sxs (DIGFAST)

-can have psychotic features

-severely impaired functioning

-core syndrome of biopolar 1 DO

-period of abnormal & persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood

-change in mood observable by others

-noother mood DO besides biopolar 1 can have a ME. CD can have a ME but not 1st 2 years

hypomanic episode (HE)

BP 2 = 4 days + 2 + sxs. 1 + MDE and 1 + HME. Ct can have no hx of ME or Mixed Episode.

Cyclothymic DO = 2 yr +, numerous HEs & numerous Depressive periods. Sxs don't meet criteria for ME or MDE

-core syndrome of biopolar 2 DO

-a period of expansive, elevated or irritable mood

-4 days + of abnormal mood, must have 3 + manic sxs

-sxs are not severe enough to impair functioning

-associated with Bipolar 2 and Cyclothymic DO

-treading just above water and surviving, but need help

depressed mood/depressive periods

Dysthymic DO = 2+ sxs for 2 yrs w/o hx of other types of eps. No MDE episode within the prev. 2 yrs

DD, NOS = when duration and # of sxs don't meet criteria for MDD, or Dysthymic DO, but there are still sxs of depression

-just sinking a litter under the surface, need help stay afloat

-can be considered a mood disturbance

-less severe, mor chronic

-associated w/Dysthymic DO and Depressive DO, NOS

-when a depressed mood does not meet the criteria for MDE, it could be Dysthymic DO if duration is 2+ yrs and 2 sxs. If it does not meet sx & duration requirements, it is Depressive DO, NOS

major depressive episode (MDE)

MDD = 1+ MDE w/o hx of other types of eps

BP2= 1+ MDE and 1 + HME. No hx of ME or Mix. Ep

-2 weeks + of depressed mood

-5 + symptoms (SIG:ECAPS)

-one of the symptoms has to be depressed mood or loss of pleasure

-in too deep, immediately sinking deep & fast (functioning is severely impaired)

-ct has never had a hx of other types of episodes (manic, hypomanic, mixed)

-if SI/HI is present, it is MDD. Ct can be hospitalized

Legal

Mandated Reporting

-abuse, danger to self/others

-Tarasoff: duty to warn

-child: ASAP, written 36 hrs

-elder 65yrs: ASAP, written 2 days

-dependent adult 18-64yrs

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Legal

Consent to Treat a Minor

-12 or older

-present danger w/out treatment

-victim of incest/child abuse/rape

-emancipated minor

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Reportable Consensual Sex (Minor)

-Minor under 16 adult over 21 (actual intercourse)

-minor 14-15 adult 10 yrs older (any sexual activity)

-minor under 14 disparate age (any sexual activity)

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(Informed Consent) Disclosing Info:

-fees at initial session

-privilege limitations confidentiality limitations

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sexual intimacy

-pamphlet "professional therapy nevers includes sex

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authorization to release

-client records: secure & confidential

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HIPAA

-privacy of clients

-language used to allow authorization of release